Enabling large-scale dynamic simulations and reducing model complexity of district heating and cooling systems by aggregation

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 118410
Author(s):  
Basak Falay ◽  
Gerald Schweiger ◽  
Keith O’Donovan ◽  
Ingo Leusbrock
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals 5th generation district heating and cooling systems as a solution for renewable urban thermal energy supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Boesten ◽  
Wilfried Ivens ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker ◽  
Herman Eijdems
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependency on depleting fossil fuel resources the shift to a renewable energy system is necessary. District heating and cooling systems are a viable solution to provide heat and cold in urban environments. Renewable heat and cold sources that may get incorporated in future urban energy systems will not provide the same high temperature output as current fossil fuel fired systems. Fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems are decentralized, bi-directional, close to ground temperature networks that use direct exchange of warm and cold return flows and thermal storage to balance thermal demand as much as possible. 5GDHC offers a way to incorporate low temperature renewable heat sources including shallow geothermal energy, as well as reduce total demand by recuperating generated heat from cooling and generated cold from heating. The large scale of 5GDHC allows for optimal design of technical parts like heat pumps and thermal storage vessels, while increasing overall system efficiency by incorporating a large variety of supply and demand profiles. We provide a definition for 5GDHC and show how this concept differs from conventional district heating systems. The Mijnwater system in Heerlen, the Netherlands is showing what a city-level 5GDHC system can look like.

scholarly journals Dynamic equation-based thermo-hydraulic pipe model for district heating and cooling systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. van der Heijde ◽  
M. Fuchs ◽  
C. Ribas Tugores ◽  
G. Schweiger ◽  
K. Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Pipe Model

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Designing Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 09001
Author(s):  
Marwan Abugabbara ◽  
Jonas Lindhe
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Novel Method

District heating and cooling systems have been undergoing continuous development and have now reached the fifth-generation. In this innovative technology, connected buildings share local excess energy that otherwise would be wasted, which consequently reduces primary energy demands and carbon emissions. To date, the issue of implementing fifth-generation district systems on existing buildings has received scant attention, and our research addresses this challenging gap by proposing a novel method for designing these systems. We first explain the possible thermal interactions between connected buildings, and then present an analytical solution for the network energy balance, pipe design, and the prediction of fluid temperature under a fixed temperature difference control strategy. The analytical solution was validated against numerical simulations performed on 11 existing buildings located in Lund, Sweden using Modelica models. A diversity index metric between heating and cooling demands was also included in these models to assess the efficiency of the district system in the building cluster. The results from the analytical and numerical solutions were in complete agreement since Modelica is an equation-based modelling language. The developed models pave the way towards future investigations of different temperature control strategies and new business models that arise from the shift to the fifth-generation.

Power Piping

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Temperature Water

ASME B31.1 prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, inspection, operation, and maintenance of piping systems typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems.It also covers boiler-external piping for power boilers and high-temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psig; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.

scholarly journals Energy, Environmental, and Economic Analyses of Geothermal Polygeneration System Using Dynamic Simulations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4603
Author(s):  
Francesca Ceglia ◽  
Adriano Macaluso ◽  
Elisa Marrasso ◽  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Laura Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Polygeneration System

This paper presents a thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a renewable polygeneration system connected to a district heating and cooling network. The system, fed by geothermal energy, provides thermal energy for heating and cooling, and domestic hot water for a residential district located in the metropolitan city of Naples (South of Italy). The produced electricity is partly used for auxiliaries of the thermal district and partly sold to the power grid. A calibration control strategy was implemented by considering manufacturer data matching the appropriate operating temperature levels in each component. The cooling and thermal demands of the connected users were calculated using suitable building dynamic simulation models. An energy network dedicated to heating and cooling loads was designed and simulated by considering the variable ground temperature throughout the year, as well as the accurate heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses of the network pipes. The results were based on a 1-year dynamic simulation and were analyzed on a daily, monthly, and yearly basis. The performance was evaluated by means of the main economic and environmental aspects. Two parametric analyses were performed by varying geothermal well depth, to consider the uncertainty in the geofluid temperature as a function of the depth, and by varying the time of operation of the district heating and cooling network. Additionally, the economic analysis was performed by considering two different scenarios with and without feed-in tariffs. Based on the assumptions made, the system is economically feasible only if feed-in tariffs are considered: the minimum Simple Pay Back period is 7.00 years, corresponding to a Discounted Pay Back period of 8.84 years, and the maximum Net Present Value is 6.11 M€, corresponding to a Profit Index of 77.9% and a maximum Internal Rate of Return of 13.0%. The system allows avoiding exploitation of 27.2 GWh of primary energy yearly, corresponding to 5.49∙103 tons of CO2 avoided emissions. The increase of the time of the operation increases the economic profitability.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Pumped Thermal Electricity Storages—Converting Energy Using Shallow Lined Rock Caverns, Carbon Dioxide and Underground Pumped-Hydro

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Lalanne ◽  
Paul Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Rock Cavern ◽  
Lined Rock Cavern ◽  
Thermal Stores

A fast-paced energy transition needs a higher penetration of renewables, of heating and cooling in the worldwide energy mix. With three novelties 1-of using shallow high-pressure LRC (Lined Rock Cavern) excavated close to storage needs, 2-of using a slow-moving CO2 piston applying steady pressure on the hydro part of UPHES (Underground Pumped Hydro Energy Storage) and 3-of relying on inexpensive thermal stores for long-duration storage, CO2 UPHES coupled with PTES (Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage) could become, at expected Capex cost of only 20 USD/kWh electrical, a game-changer by allowing the complete integration of intermittent renewable sources. Moreover, even though this early conceptual work requires validation by simulation and experimentation, CO2 UPHES as well as UPHES-PTES hybrid storage could also allow a low-cost and low-emission integration of intermittent renewables with future district heating and cooling networks.

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