scholarly journals Energy, Environmental, and Economic Analyses of Geothermal Polygeneration System Using Dynamic Simulations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4603
Author(s):  
Francesca Ceglia ◽  
Adriano Macaluso ◽  
Elisa Marrasso ◽  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Laura Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Polygeneration System

This paper presents a thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a renewable polygeneration system connected to a district heating and cooling network. The system, fed by geothermal energy, provides thermal energy for heating and cooling, and domestic hot water for a residential district located in the metropolitan city of Naples (South of Italy). The produced electricity is partly used for auxiliaries of the thermal district and partly sold to the power grid. A calibration control strategy was implemented by considering manufacturer data matching the appropriate operating temperature levels in each component. The cooling and thermal demands of the connected users were calculated using suitable building dynamic simulation models. An energy network dedicated to heating and cooling loads was designed and simulated by considering the variable ground temperature throughout the year, as well as the accurate heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses of the network pipes. The results were based on a 1-year dynamic simulation and were analyzed on a daily, monthly, and yearly basis. The performance was evaluated by means of the main economic and environmental aspects. Two parametric analyses were performed by varying geothermal well depth, to consider the uncertainty in the geofluid temperature as a function of the depth, and by varying the time of operation of the district heating and cooling network. Additionally, the economic analysis was performed by considering two different scenarios with and without feed-in tariffs. Based on the assumptions made, the system is economically feasible only if feed-in tariffs are considered: the minimum Simple Pay Back period is 7.00 years, corresponding to a Discounted Pay Back period of 8.84 years, and the maximum Net Present Value is 6.11 M€, corresponding to a Profit Index of 77.9% and a maximum Internal Rate of Return of 13.0%. The system allows avoiding exploitation of 27.2 GWh of primary energy yearly, corresponding to 5.49∙103 tons of CO2 avoided emissions. The increase of the time of the operation increases the economic profitability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Enhanced Geothermal System Development Scenarios for District Heating and Cooling of the Göttingen University Campus

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Dmitry Romanov ◽  
Bernd Leiss
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The huge energy potential of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) makes them perspective sources of non-intermittent renewable energy for the future. This paper focuses on potential scenarios of EGS development in a locally and in regard to geothermal exploration, poorly known geological setting—the Variscan fold-and-thrust belt —for district heating and cooling of the Göttingen University campus. On average, the considered single EGS doublet might cover about 20% of the heat demand and 6% of the cooling demand of the campus. The levelized cost of heat (LCOH), net present value (NPV) and CO2 abatement cost were evaluated with the help of a spreadsheet-based model. As a result, the majority of scenarios of the reference case are currently not profitable. Based on the analysis, EGS heat output should be at least 11 MWth (with the brine flow rate being 40 l/s and wellhead temperature being 140 °C) for a potentially profitable project. These parameters can be a target for subsurface investigation, reservoir modeling and hydraulic stimulation at a later stage. However, sensitivity analysis presented some conditions that yield better results. Among the most influential parameters on the outcome are subsidies for research wells, proximity to the campus, temperature drawdown and drilling costs. If realized, the EGS project in Göttingen might save up to 18,100 t CO2 (34%) annually.

scholarly journals Recovery and Transport of Industrial Waste Heat for Their Use in Urban District Heating and Cooling Networks Using Absorption Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Atienza-Márquez ◽  
Joan Carles Bruno ◽  
Alberto Coronas
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

The use of industrial excess heat in district heating networks is very attractive. The main issue is the transport of the heat from the point of generation to the local distribution network, in a way similar to the structure of electricity transport and distribution networks. Absorption systems have been proposed to transport and distribute waste heat using two absorption stations. In one of them (step-up station), industrial heat at a low temperature is pumped to a higher temperature to facilitate its transport and at the same time increase the temperature difference between the supply and return streams, in this way reducing the hot water mass flow rate circulating through the heat transport network. Heat is then used in a second absorption system (step-down station) to provide heat to a low temperature local district network. In this paper, several absorption system configurations are analyzed for both stations. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of each configuration is performed using selected energy performance indicators to calculate its global performance. The implementation of these kind of systems could enable the use of waste heat to produce heating and cooling for smart communities located a few dozens of kilometers away from industrial sites.

scholarly journals Analysis of a modular high efficiency Polygeneration System in a Science and Technological Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Polygeneration System

Polygeneration systems refers to highly efficiency integrated systems characterized by the simultaneously production of different services (electricity, heating, cooling, water, etc) by means of several technologies using fossil and/or renewable energy sources. In many cases it is difficult to promote polygeneration projects due to its complexity. This complexity mainly comes from the high energy integration of the technologies involved in polygeneration plants and the high variability in the energy demand in many applications in the building sector that makes the design and optimal operation of these systems quite complex. The result is that without a very careful design and operation of these plants the economic viability is in many cases not clear. In this paper is presented an economic, energetic and environmental analysis of a polygeneration system in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain) built in the framework of the Polycity project of the European Concerto Program. This polygeneration system comprises three high efficient natural gas cogeneration engines with a total power capacity of about 10 MW with advanced thermal cooling facilities including a single effect hot water driven chiller and a double effect chiller of 5 MW driven directly by the exhaust gases of the engines. This plant provides electricity, heating and cooling to a new Science and Technological Park in development including a Synchrotron Light Facility through a district heating and cooling network with a total length of more than 30 km. The operational data for the energy performance analysis was taken using the plant SCADA system and a monitoring system specific for the cooling units in order to study in detail its performance. The results show that the polygeneration plant is an efficient way to reduce the primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions although it is not yet at its full capacity

scholarly journals Assessment of the Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Market in Europe—Open Data and Results

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Pezzutto ◽  
Silvia Croce ◽  
Stefano Zambotti ◽  
Lukas Kranzl ◽  
Antonio Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The paper investigates the European space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) market in order to close knowledge gaps concerning its size. The stimulus for this research arises from incongruences found in SH and DHW market’s data in spite of over two decades of scientific research. The given investigation has been carried out in the framework of the Hotmaps project (Horizon 2020—H2020), which aims at designing an open source toolbox to support urban planners, energy agencies, and public authorities in heating and cooling (H&C) planning on country, regional, and local levels. Our research collects and analyzes SH and DHW market data in the European Union (EU), specifically the amount of operative units, installed capacities, energy efficiency coefficients as well as equivalent full-load hours per equipment type and country, with a bottom-up approach. The analysis indicates that SH and DHW account for a significant portion of the total EU energy utilization (more than 20%), amounting to almost 3900 TWh/y. At the same time, the energy consumption provided by district heating (DH) systems exceeds the one of condensing boilers. While DH systems applications are growing throughout the EU, the replacement of elderly, conventional boilers progresses at a slower pace.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation and Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Trigeneration System in a Hospital Application

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3558
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Francesco Liberato Cappiello ◽  
Massimo Dentice d’Accadia ◽  
Luigi Libertini ◽  
Maria Vicidomini
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Hospitals are very attractive for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) applications, due to their high and continuous demand for electric and thermal energy. However, both design and control strategies of CHP systems are usually based on an empiric and very simplified approach, and this may lead to non-optimal solutions. The paper presents a novel approach based on the dynamic simulation of a trigeneration system to be installed in a hospital located in Puglia (South Italy), with around 600 beds, aiming to investigate the energy and economic performance of the system, for a given control strategy (electric-load tracking). The system includes a natural gas fired reciprocating engine (with a rated power of 2.0 MW), a single-stage LiBr-H2O absorption chiller (with a cooling capacity of around 770 kW), auxiliary gas-fired boilers and steam generators, electric chillers, cooling towers, heat exchangers, storage tanks and several additional components (pipes, valves, etc.). Suitable control strategies, including proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and ON/OFF controllers, were implemented to optimize the trigeneration performance. The model includes a detailed simulation of the main components of the system and a specific routine for evaluating the heating and cooling demand of the building, based on a 3-D model of the building envelope. All component models were validated against experimental data provided by the manufacturers. Energy and economic models were also included in the simulation tool, to calculate the thermoeconomic performance of the system. The results show an excellent economic performance of the trigeneration system, with a payback period equal to 1.5 years and a profitability index (ratio of the Net Present Value to the capital cost) equal to 3.88, also due to the significant contribution of the subsidies provided by the current Italian regulation for CHP systems (energy savings certificates).

scholarly journals Investigation of a Solar Polygeneration System for a Multi-Storey Residential Building-Dynamic Simulation and Performance Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458
Author(s):  
Mohammed Missoum ◽  
Larbi Loukarfi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Polygeneration System

In the present study, the performance of a novel configuration of a solar polygeneration system for a multi-family residential building is investigated using dynamic simulation models. The system consists in Building Integrated PhotoVoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) collectors, a water-to-water reversible heat pump and an adsorption chiller. The solar system will ensure space heating in winter, space cooling in summer and domestic hot water and electricity all over the year for a multi-storey building located in Algiers (Algeria). In the case of insufficient solar energy, the system is equipped with a gas-fired heater for auxiliary heat production, whereas the auxiliary electricity is supplied by the national grid. First, the simulation models of the solar system components and the building were described and developed in TRNSYS environment. Then, an energy-economic model based on the calculation of the primary energy consumption, the primary energy saving, the simple payback period and the electrical and thermal solar fractions, was carried-out. Finally, the system performance in terms of daily, monthly and yearly results was investigated and compared to the performance of a conventional energy system commonly used in Algerian buildings. The simulation results indicate that the solar collectors have the potential to cover more than 56% and 72% of the yearly heat and electricity requirements, respectively. The total primary energy saving achieved by the solar system with respect to the conventional one is 37.1 MWh/y, which represents 39% of the energy consumption of the conventional system. However, the economic feasibility of proposed solar system is difficult to be achieved due to the high initial cost of the solar collectors. Indeed, the obtained simple payback period is 55.40 years. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been performed aiming at studying the effect of various technical and economical parameters on the system performance. The analysis shows that the energetic as well as economic performances of the system are strongly influenced by the photovoltaic/thermal filed area, the system cost and the unitary cost of electricity. The system becomes economically profitable when the system cost is 400 €/m² and the electricity cost is 0.12 €/kWh. Additionally, the system performance is better in climate conditions where solar potential and building energy requirements are important.

Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Model of Complex District Heating Networks for the Analysis of Peak Load Reductions in the Thermal Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Guelpa ◽  
Adriano Sciacovelli ◽  
Vittorio Verda
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating networks are important infrastructures to provide high efficient heating and domestic hot water to buildings located in urban areas. Modern district heating networks may involve the use of waste heat, renewable sources and heat from cogeneration thermal storage systems. In addition, management is operated through advanced ICT solutions able to minimize the global primary energy consumption and to increase end user awareness. Detailed thermo-fluid dynamic simulation tools can be of extreme importance for the optimal management of modern district heating networks. Some of the issues that simulation tools are requested to face are: peak shaving, selection of the operating temperature, operation in the case of malfunctions, storage management. An important requirement consists in the possibility to perform fast simulations, even in the case of complex networks. This paper aims at presenting a detailed simulation approach that can be applied to large district heating networks. The entire network is represented as constituted by the main pipeline, which may be a tree shaped or a looped network, and various tree shaped subnetworks that distribute water from the main network to each single building. The main pipeline is fully modeled considering fluid flow and transient heat transfer. Subnetworks are simulated using a reduced model obtained from the full model. This modeling approach is applied to the analysis of transient operation of the Turin district heating network. The thermal request of the users is obtained from temperature and mass flow rate measurements at the thermal substations, available each six minutes. Thermo-fluid dynamic simulation allows one obtaining the corresponding thermal load profiles at the various thermal plants. Results show that a peak request is caused by the temperature reduction in the entire system due to the small thermal request at night. Due to the advective transport of water in the network and the thermal losses, the shape and amplitude of the peak at the plant is completely different than that at the users. A comparison between simulations and experimental results shows that the model is able to predict the network operation with good accuracy. Using this simulation approach it is therefore possible to examine the effects of variations, obtained through night attenuation or the installation local storage systems, on the thermal request profiles of some of the users on the global thermal load of the network during the start-up transient. The proposed simulation approach is shown to represent a versatile and important tool for the implementation of advanced management to district heating systems.

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