The impact of socioeconomic and behavioural factors for purchasing energy efficient household appliances: A case study for Denmark

Abstract The behavioural present value is defined as a fuzzy number assessed under the impact of chosen behavioural factors. The first formal model turned out to be burdened with some formal defects which are finally corrected in the presented article. In this way a new modified formal model of a behavioural present value is obtained. New model of the behavioural present value is used to explain the phenomenon of market equilibrium on the efficient financial market remaining in the state of financial imbalance. These considerations are illustrated by means of extensive numerical case study.

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Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a School Building under Envelope Retrofit: An Approach towards Environmental Impact Reduction

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911103028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 03028

Author(s):

Nazanin Moazzen ◽

Mustafa Erkan Karagüler ◽

Touraj Ashrafian

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Rational Approach ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

School Building ◽

The Impact

Energy efficiency of existing buildings is a concept to manage and restrain the growth in energy consumption and one of the crucial issues due to the magnitude of the sector. Educational buildings are in charge of about 15% of the total energy consumption of the non-residential building sector. However, not only operational but also embodied energy of a building should be reduced to get the overall benefits of energy efficiency, where, using energy efficient architectural measures and low emitting materials during every retrofit action can be a logical step. The majority of buildings in Turkey and EU was built earlier than the development of the energy efficiency in the construction sector, hence, without energy retrofit, consume an enormous amount of energy that can be averted significantly by the implementation of some even not advanced retrofit measures. Furthermore, demolishing of a building to construct a new one is not a rational approach concerning cost, time and environmental pollution. The study has been focused on the impact assessment of the various architectural scenarios of energy efficiency upgrading on the Life Cycle Energy Consumption (LCEC) and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emission. Within the scope of the study, a primary school building is selected to be analysed. Through analysis, the total embodied and operational energy use and CO2 emission regarding the life cycle phase of the building is quantitatively defined and investigated in the framework of life cycle inventory. The paper concentrates on the operation and embodied energy consumption arising from the application of a variety of measures on the building envelope. An educational building with low LCCO2 emissions and LCEC in Turkey is proposed. To exemplify the approach, contributions are applied to a case study in Istanbul as a representative school building. The primary energy consumption of the case study building is calculated with a dynamic simulation tool, EnergyPlus. Afterwards, a sort of architectural energy efficient measures is implemented in the envelope while the lighting and mechanical systems remain constant. The energy used in the production and transportation of materials, which are the significant parts of the embodied energy, are taken into account as well.

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Joint Optimal Planning of Electricity and Modern Energy Cooking Services Access in Nyagatare

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4093

Author(s):

Eduardo Sánchez-Jacob ◽

Andrés González-García ◽

Javier Mazorra ◽

Pedro Ciller ◽

Julio Lumbreras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Universal Access ◽

Optimal Planning ◽

Total Cost ◽

The Third ◽

Greenhouse Emissions ◽

Electricity Access ◽

The Impact

In 2019, there were 759 million people globally without access to electricity and 2.6 billion people lacked access to clean cooking. Cooking with electricity could contribute to achieving universal access to energy by 2030. This paper uses geospatially-based techniques—a computer model named REM, for Reference Electrification Model—to show the impact of integrating electric cooking into electrification planning. Three household scenarios were analyzed: one for providing basic electricity access with no electric cooking; another for cooking with electricity; and the third for cooking half of the meals with electricity and half with another fuel, with a clean stacking process. Results of the application of REM to the three scenarios were obtained for the Nyagatare District, Rwanda. The case study showed that electric cooking substantially changes the mix of technologies and the total cost of the least-cost electrification plan. It also showed that electric cooking can be cost competitive compared to LPG and charcoal in grid-connected households and can reduce greenhouse emissions. Stacking with energy-efficient electric appliances provides most of the benefits of full electric cooking at a lower cost and is a pathway worthy of further consideration.

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VISIR-I.b: waves and ocean currents for energy efficient navigation

10.5194/gmd-2018-292 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gianandrea Mannarini ◽

Lorenzo Carelli

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Search Method ◽

Ocean Currents ◽

Graph Search ◽

Ocean Current ◽

Ship Routing ◽

Scenario Assessment ◽

The Impact

Abstract. VISIR-I.b, the latest development of the ship routing model published in Mannarini et al. (2016a), is here presented. The new model version targets large ocean-going vessels by accounting for both waves and ocean currents. In order to effectively use currents in a graph-search method, new equations are derived and validated versus analytical benchmarks. A case study is computed in the Atlantic Ocean, on a route from the Chesapeake Bay to the Mediterranean Sea and vice versa. Ocean analysis fields from data-assimilative models (for both ocean state and hydrodynamics) are employed. The impact of waves and ocean currents on transatlantic crossings is assessed through mapping of the spatial variability of the routes, analysis of their kinematics, distribution of the optimal voyage duration vs. its length, and impact on the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator of the International Maritime Organization. It is distinguished between sailing with or against the main ocean current. The seasonal dependence of the savings is evaluated, indicating, for the featured case study, larger savings during the summer crossings and larger intra-monthly variability in winter. The monthly-mean savings sum up to values between 3 and 12 %, while the contribution of ocean currents is between 1 and 4 %. Also, several other ocean routes are considered, providing a pan-Atlantic scenario assessment of the potential gains in energy efficiency from optimal tracks and linking them to regional meteo-oceanographic features.

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Toward Green Evolution of Cellular Networks by High Order Sectorisation and Small Cell Densification

Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication - Interference Mitigation and Energy Management in 5G Heterogeneous Cellular Networks ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1712-2.ch001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Abdelrahman Arbi ◽

Timothy O'Farrell ◽

Fu-Chun Zheng ◽

Simon C. Fletcher

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Network Capacity ◽

Base Station ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cells ◽

Deployment Strategy ◽

Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽

The Impact

Network densification by adding either more sectors per site or by deploying an overlay of small cells is always considered to be a key method for enhancing the RAN coverage and capacity. The impact of these two techniques on cellular network energy consumption is investigated in this chapter. The aim is to find an energy efficient deployment strategy when trading-off the order of sectorisation with the intensity of small cell densification. A new enhanced base station power consumption model is presented, followed by a novel metric framework for the evaluation of the RAN energy efficiency. The use of the power model and the proposed metrics is demonstrated by applying them to a RAN case study when the two techniques are used to improve the network capacity. In addition, the chapter evaluates the amount of network energy efficiency improvement when various adaptive sectorisation schemes are implemented. The results show that the strategy of adding more sectors is less energy efficient than directly deploying an overlay of small cells, even when adaptive sectorisation is implemented.

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Heat Storage Combined with Biomass CHP under the National Support Policy. A Case Study of Estonia

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 171-184

Author(s):

Anna Volkova ◽

Eduard Latosov ◽

Andres Siirde

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Large Scale ◽

Heat Storage ◽

District Heating ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Policy Support ◽

System Improvement ◽

Support Policy ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn spite of the progressions in heat storage systems for combined heat and power’ (CHP) plants performance, these innovations have not been implemented in CHP-based district heating (DH) systems in some of the countries where DH systems are still being developed. An examination of environmental and economic advantages that can be gained as a result of heat storage installation into the DH system are necessary to effectively popularise heat storage as a DH system-improvement technology. A real large-scale biomass CHP-based DH system is investigated in this case study. Scenarios for two kinds of support policies (feed-in premium for electricity generated by biomass CHP and energy-efficient biomass CHP) were analysed by changing the extent of the heat storage. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of the biomass CHP policy support instruments on the viability of integrating heat storage. Calculations demonstrate that fitting of heat storage combined with biomass CHP is less viable when all power generated by biomass CHP is subsidised.

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