Impact of elevated temperature and ozone on the emission of volatile organic compounds and gas exchange of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) play important roles in plant stress responses and can serve as stress indicators. While the impacts of gradual environmental changes on BVOCs have been studied extensively, insights in emission responses to repeated stress and recovery are widely absent. Therefore, we studied the dynamics of shoot gas exchange and BVOC emissions in Pinus halepensis seedlings during an induced moderate drought, two four-day-long heatwaves, and the combination of drought and heatwaves. We found clear stress-specific responses of BVOC emissions. Reductions in acetone emissions with declining soil water content and transpiration stood out as a clear drought indicator. All other measured BVOC emissions responded exponentially to rising temperatures during heat stress (maximum of 43 °C), but monoterpenes and methyl salicylate showed a reduced temperature sensitivity during the second heatwave. We found that these decreases in monoterpene emissions between heatwaves were not reflected by similar declines in their internal storage pools. Because stress intensity was extremely severe, most of the seedlings in the heat-drought treatment died at the end of the second heatwave (dark respiration ceased). Interestingly, BVOC emissions (methanol, monoterpenes, methyl salicylate, and acetaldehyde) differed between dying and surviving seedlings, already well before indications of a reduced vitality became visible in gas exchange dynamics. In summary, we could clearly show that the dynamics of BVOC emissions are sensitive to stress type, stress frequency, and stress severity. Moreover, we found indications that stress-induced seedling mortality was preceded by altered methanol, monoterpene, and acetaldehyde emission dynamics.

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Segmented flow coil equilibrator coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer for measurements of a broad range of volatile organic compounds in seawater

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-15-925-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 925-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charel Wohl ◽

David Capelle ◽

Anna Jones ◽

William T. Sturges ◽

Philip D. Nightingale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Proton Transfer ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Mass Spectrometer ◽

Transfer Reaction ◽

Proton Transfer Reaction ◽

Reaction Mass ◽

Segmented Flow ◽

Volatile Organic

Abstract. We present a technique that utilises a segmented flow coil equilibrator coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer to measure a broad range of dissolved volatile organic compounds. Thanks to its relatively large surface area for gas exchange, small internal volume, and smooth headspace–water separation, the equilibrator is highly efficient for gas exchange and has a fast response time (under 1 min). The system allows for both continuous and discrete measurements of volatile organic compounds in seawater due to its low sample water flow (100 cm3 min−1) and the ease of changing sample intake. The equilibrator setup is both relatively inexpensive and compact. Hence, it can be easily reproduced and installed on a variety of oceanic platforms, particularly where space is limited. The internal area of the equilibrator is smooth and unreactive. Thus, the segmented flow coil equilibrator is expected to be less sensitive to biofouling and easier to clean than membrane-based equilibration systems. The equilibrator described here fully equilibrates for gases that are similarly soluble or more soluble than toluene and can easily be modified to fully equilibrate for even less soluble gases. The method has been successfully deployed in the Canadian Arctic. Some example data from underway surface water and Niskin bottle measurements in the sea ice zone are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this measurement system.

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Differences in growth and gas exchange between southern and northern provenances of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in northern Europe

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpz124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 198-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antti Tenkanen ◽

Sarita Keski-Saari ◽

Jarkko Salojärvi ◽

Elina Oksanen ◽

Markku Keinänen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Use ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Height Growth ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Short Shoot ◽

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Abstract Due to its ubiquity across northern latitudes, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an attractive model species for studying geographical trait variation and acclimation capacity. Six birch provenances from 60 to 67°N across Finland were grown in a common garden and studied for provenance and genotype variation. We looked for differences in height growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll content index (CCI) and compared the gas exchange of early and late leaves on short and long shoots, respectively. The provenances stratified into southern and northern groups. Northern provenances attained less height growth increment and had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, Anet/gs) than southern provenances, whereas net photosynthesis (Anet) or CCI did not show clear grouping. Short shoot leaves had lower gs and higher WUE than long shoot leaves in all provenances, but there was no difference in Anet between shoot types. The separation of the provenances into two groups according to their physiological responses might reflect the evolutionary history of B. pendula. Latitudinal differences in gas exchange and water use traits can have plausible consequences for global carbon and water fluxes in a warming climate.

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A new plant chamber facility, PLUS, coupled to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-9-1247-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1247-1259 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Hohaus ◽

U. Kuhn ◽

S. Andres ◽

M. Kaminski ◽

F. Rohrer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Quercus Ilex ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

The Impact ◽

Atmosphere Simulation Chamber ◽

Simulation Chamber

Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS) for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been built and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow-through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees is mixed with synthetic air and transferred to the SAPHIR chamber, where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil relative humidity (RH)) are well controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m3 which encloses the stem and the leaves of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to only fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 light-emitting diode (LED) panels, which have an emission strength up to 800 µmol m−2 s−1. Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light- and temperature- dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental setup and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.

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Emission of volatile organic compounds from two silver birch ( Roth) clones grown under ambient and elevated CO and different O concentrations

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.077 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1185-1197 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

T VUORINEN ◽

A NERG ◽

E VAPAAVUORI ◽

J HOLOPAINEN

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Volatile Organic

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A new plant chamber facility PLUS coupled to the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-8-11779-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 11779-11816

Author(s):

T. Hohaus ◽

U. Kuhn ◽

S. Andres ◽

M. Kaminski ◽

F. Rohrer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Quercus Ilex ◽

Reaction Chamber ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Controlled Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

Simulation Chamber

Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS) for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been build and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees are mixed with synthetic air and are transferred to the SAPHIR chamber where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important enviromental parameters (e.g. temperature, PAR, soil RH etc.) are well-controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m3 which encloses the stem and the leafes of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to FEP Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces only to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 LED panels which have an emission strength up to 800 μmol m−2 s−1. Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOC) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light and temperature dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus Ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus Ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental set up and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.

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Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds and subsequent photochemical production of secondary organic aerosol in mesocosm studies of temperate and tropical plant species

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-14-14291-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 14291-14349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. P. Wyche ◽

A. C. Ryan ◽

C. N. Hewitt ◽

M. R. Alfarra ◽

G. McFiggans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Plant Species ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Reaction Chamber ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Tropical Plant ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Seed Aerosol

Abstract. Silver birch (Betula pendula) and three Southeast Asian tropical plant species (Ficus cyathistipula, Ficus benjamina and Caryota millis) from the pantropical fig and palm genera were grown in a purpose-built and environment-controlled whole-tree chamber. The volatile organic compounds emitted from these trees were characterised and fed into a linked photochemical reaction chamber where they underwent photooxidation under a range of controlled conditions (RH ∼65–89%, VOC/NOx ∼3–9 and NOx ∼2 ppbV). Both the gas phase and the aerosol phase of the reaction chamber were monitored in detail using a comprehensive suite of on-line and off-line, chemical and physical measurement techniques. Silver birch was found to be a high monoterpene and sesquiterpene, but low isoprene emitter, and its emissions were observed to produce measureable amounts of SOA via both nucleation and condensation onto pre-existing seed aerosol (YSOA 26–39%). In contrast, all three tropical species were found to be high isoprene emitters with trace emissions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In tropical plant experiments without seed aerosol there was no measurable SOA nucleation, but aerosol mass was shown to increase when seed aerosol was present. Although principally isoprene emitting, the aerosol mass produced from tropical fig was mostly consistent (i.e., in 78 out of 120 aerosol mass calculations using plausible parameter sets of various precursor specific yields) with condensation of photooxidation products of the minor VOCs co-emitted; no significant aerosol yield from condensation of isoprene oxidation products was required in the interpretations of the experimental results. This finding is in line with previous reports of organic aerosol loadings consistent with production from minor biogenic VOCs co-emitted with isoprene in principally-isoprene emitting landscapes in Southeast Asia. Moreover, in general the amount of aerosol mass produced from the emissions of the principally-isoprene-emitting plants, was less than would be expected from published single-VOC experiments, if co-emitted species were solely responsible for the final SOA mass. Interpretation of the results obtained from the fig data sets, leaves room for a potential role for isoprene in inhibiting SOA formation under certain ambient atmospheric conditions, although instrumental and experimental constraints impose a level of caution in the interpretation of the results. Concomitant gas and aerosol phase composition measurements also provide a detailed overview of numerous key oxidation mechanisms at work within the systems studied and their combined analysis provides insight into the nature of the SOA formed.

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