scholarly journals The effects of an air quality alert program on premature mortality: A difference-in-differences evaluation in the region of Paris

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 106583
Author(s):  
Anna Alari ◽  
Lara Schwarz ◽  
Léo Zabrocki ◽  
Géraldine Le Nir ◽  
Basile Chaix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Alert Program

scholarly journals Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 3038-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Rema Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Institutional Settings

Using the most comprehensive developing country dataset ever compiled on air and water pollution and environmental regulations, the paper assesses India's environmental regulations with a difference-in-differences design. The air pollution regulations are associated with substantial improvements in air quality. The most successful air regulation resulted in a modest but statistically insignificant decline in infant mortality. In contrast, the water regulations had no measurable benefits. The available evidence leads us to cautiously conclude that higher demand for air quality prompted the effective enforcement of air pollution regulations, indicating that strong public support allows environmental regulations to succeed in weak institutional settings. (JEL I12, J13, O13, Q53, Q58)

scholarly journals Reduced-complexity air quality intervention modelling over China: development of the InMAPv1.6.1-China and comparison with the CMAQv5.2 model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruili Wu ◽  
Christopher W. Tessum ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chaopeng Hong ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Reduced Complexity

Abstract. This paper presents the first development and evaluation of the reduced-complexity air quality model for China. In this study, a reduced-complexity air quality intervention model over China (InMAPv1.6.1-China, hereafter, InMAP-China) is developed by linking a regional air quality model, a reduced-complexity air quality model, an emission inventory database for China, and a health impact assessment model to rapidly estimate the air quality and health impacts of emission sources in China. The modelling system is applied over mainland China for 2017 under various emission scenarios. A comprehensive model evaluation is conducted by comparison against conventional CMAQ simulations and ground-based observations. We found that InMAP-China satisfactorily predicted total PM2.5 concentrations in terms of statistical performance. Compared with the observed PM2.5 concentrations, the mean bias (MB), normalized mean bias (NMB), and correlations of the total PM2.5 concentrations are −8.1 μg/m3, −18 %, and 0.6, respectively. The statistical performance is considered to be satisfactory for a reduced-complexity air quality model and remains consistent with that evaluated in the United States. The underestimation of total PM2.5 concentrations was mainly caused by its composition, primary PM2.5. In terms of the ability to quantify source contributions of PM2.5 concentrations, InMAP-China presents similar results in comparison with those based on the CMAQ model, the difference is mainly caused by the different mechanism and the treatment of secondary inorganic aerosols in the two models. Focusing on the health impacts, the annual PM2.5-related premature mortality estimated using InMAP-China in 2017 was 1.92 million, which was 25 ten thousand deaths lower than that estimated based on CMAQ simulations as a result of underestimation of PM2.5 concentrations. This work presents a version of the reduced-complexity air quality model over China, provides a powerful tool to rapidly assess the air quality and health impacts associated with control policy, and to quantify the source contribution attributable to many emission sources.

scholarly journals IoT Based Automatic Air Pollution Monitoring and Purification System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Manoj Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Purifier

Abstract: Degradation of air quality, like climate change and global warming, has become an all-encompassing existential hazard to humanity and natural life. Exposure to severely polluted air on a regular basis causes pulmonary disorders and contributes to severe allergies and asthma. According to studies, more than 10 million people die each year as a result of irregularities produced directly or indirectly by air pollution. The work of Lelieveld et al. [1] sheds light on the gravity of the problem. It is estimated that by 2050, the worldwide premature mortality from air pollution will exceed 6.6 million fatalities per year (358000 from ozone, the rest from PM 2.5) [1]. As a result, we decided to focus our study on improving indoor air quality. Despite the fact that there are numerous indoor air purifiers on the market, their cost belies their effectiveness, and the effective ones are far too expensive for working-class people to afford [2]. In order to address this issue, we created an automated Internet of Things (IoT) based air filtration system that uses an automated air purifier which is triggered when air quality falls below WHO criteria. Our initiative intends to improve indoor air quality by utilizing the most cost-effective and efficient modules available. Keywords: Indoor Air Pollution, Air Purifier, IAQ, Sharp Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, IoT, Particulate Matter (PM), HEPA Filter

Modeled Global Effects of Airborne Desert Dust on Air Quality and Premature Mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Despina Giannadaki* ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Jos Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Desert Dust

scholarly journals The representativeness of ground-based air quality monitoring stations: observation and recommendation from Indian cities 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Roy ◽  
Satoshi Takahama ◽  
Athanasios Nenes ◽  
Sumit Sharma ◽  
Anju Goel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Monitoring Stations

<div> <p>It is well established that the high level of particulate matter is a leading cause of premature mortality and disease worldwide and especially in South Asia (Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019). The ground-based air quality (AQ) monitoring stations are used to calculate economic loss, premature mortality and validate the conversed PM2.5 concentration from satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data. Over India, 793 manual monitoring air quality (AQ) monitoring stations and 307 automated AQ monitoring station are presently operating under the aegis of National Air Quality Monitoring Programme and Central Pollution Control Board respectively. However, studies addressing the spatial representativeness of the data generated from the AQ monitoring stations over India are very limited and therefore, it is unclear that whether the existing stations are sufficient to reflect the average ambient AQ over different Indian cities. </p> </div><div> <p>The present study intends to classify the existing AQ monitoring stations on the basis of spatial representativeness and derive a general conceptual framework for commissioning representative AQ monitoring sites for Indian cities. The methodology involves analysis of land use, populations and air quality data for the existing air quality stations in million plus Indian cities. A case study was conducted for Pune (18.5° N, 73.8° E), a western Indian metro city with 3.15 million population (Census, 2011). Using the night-time light data and high resolution PM2.5, population exposure hotspots over Pune city were identified. It was observed that not only at the midst of the municipal area, population exposure hotspots can be identified at the peripheral region of PMC/PNMC which certainly signify the role of rapid developmental activity and urban agglomeration over Pune city. The existing air quality monitoring sites are located majorly in the pollution hotspots in the city center region and therefore installing AQ monitoring stations (co-located  with weather station) at the rapidly developing parts of the city is highly recommended. The present land use pattern and the location of existing monitoring sites suggests lack of urban background monitoring stations which indicates the gap of knowledge in monitoring the average air quality responsible of long-term health effect over Pune. The prevalence of AQ monitoring stations in the road junction points and near to metro construction works might overestimate the exposure estimate of the general population in the city.   </p> </div>

scholarly journals Can the establishment of National Key Ecological Functional Zones improve air quality?: An empirical study from China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246257
Author(s):  
Guangqin Li ◽  
Lingyu Li ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
County Level ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
The Difference

Drawing on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite raster data and matching with the county-level socio-economic data from 2008 to 2015 in China, this paper investigates the impacts of the establishment of National Key Ecological Functional Zones (NKEFZ) on environmental quality by employing the difference-in-differences method, which was stablished in June 2011. The results indicate that the establishment of the NKEFZ significantly decreased the concentration values of PM2.5, a drop of about 20% during the study period, after the paper controls for other factors affecting air quality. The robustness tests using the maximum and medium concentration values of PM2.5 show similar results. Through further analysis, the paper finds that the establishment of NKEFZ can improve the ecological utilization efficiency of land.

Impact of work resumption on air quality after subsiding of COVID-19: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Guoguo Zhang ◽  
Jingci Zhu ◽  
Weijie Luo ◽  
Honghong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Work Resumption

Abstract This paper explores the short-run impact of work resumption, extensively launched on February 10, 2020 in China, on air quality after the subsiding of COVID-19. Utilizing the data of 1012 air-quality monitoring sites in 233 cities derived from the Real-time Release Air Quality Platform and the difference-in-differences method, we find that alternative measures of air quality index in non-Hubei provinces increase significantly, compared with those in Hubei province which was temporarily not allowed work resumption due to the severity of epidemic. Specifically, our results reveal a rise in AQI of 11.28 per cent, in PM2.5 of 12.47 per cent, in PM10 of 10.49 per cent, and in NO2 of 23.64 per cent, relative to the baseline mean. Moreover, the deterioration of air quality is found to be caused by intracity rather than intercity migration.

scholarly journals Climate and air quality trade-offs in altering ship fuel sulfur content

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12059-12071 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Partanen ◽  
A. Laakso ◽  
A. Schmidt ◽  
H. Kokkola ◽  
T. Kuokkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Emission Controls

Abstract. Aerosol particles from shipping emissions both cool the climate and cause adverse health effects. The cooling effect is, however, declining because of shipping emission controls aiming to improve air quality. We used an aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ to test whether by altering ship fuel sulfur content, the present-day aerosol-induced cooling effect from shipping could be preserved, while at the same time reducing premature mortality rates related to shipping emissions. We compared the climate and health effects of a present-day shipping emission scenario (ship fuel sulfur content of 2.7%) with (1) a simulation with strict emission controls in the coastal waters (ship fuel sulfur content of 0.1%) and twofold the present-day fuel sulfur content (i.e. 5.4%) elsewhere; and (2) a scenario with global strict shipping emission controls (ship fuel sulfur content of 0.1% in coastal waters and 0.5% elsewhere) roughly corresponding to international agreements to be enforced by the year 2020. Scenario 1 had a slightly stronger aerosol-induced effective radiative forcing (ERF) from shipping than the present-day scenario (−0.43 W m−2 vs. −0.39 W m−2) while reducing premature mortality from shipping by 69% (globally 34 900 deaths avoided per year). Scenario 2 decreased the ERF to −0.06 W m−2 and annual deaths by 96% (globally 48 200 deaths avoided per year) compared to present-day. Our results show that the cooling effect of present-day emissions could be retained with simultaneous notable improvements in air quality, even though the shipping emissions from the open ocean clearly have a significant effect on continental air quality. However, increasing ship fuel sulfur content in the open ocean would violate existing international treaties, could cause detrimental side-effects, and could be classified as geoengineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document