Incubation stage and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener patterns in an altricial and precocial bird species

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Custer ◽  
Thomas W. Custer ◽  
Stefan Thyen ◽  
Peter H. Becker
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Flores ◽  
Mario Penna ◽  
John C Wingfield ◽  
Elfego Cuevas ◽  
Rodrigo A Vásquez ◽  
...  

Abstract Repeated exposure to traffic noise may be perceived as a succession of stressors, and therefore, noisy urban environments could lead to a state of chronic stress. In developing animals, glucocorticoids can have organizational effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in addition to the classic activation effects, so evaluating the effect of traffic noise during development is urgently needed. To our knowledge, to date six studies have investigated the effects of traffic noise on baseline corticosterone (CORT) and/or the stress response in birds during development; however, these studies were performed in nestling (altricial species), where confounding factors (e.g. communication between nestlings and parents) could mask the real impact of traffic noise on stress. In this study, we evaluated the effect of traffic noise (traffic noise group vs. rural noise group) on baseline levels of CORT and stress responses in chicks of a precocial bird species, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Because CORT can also decrease glutathione (GSH) levels (antioxidant and neurotransmitter/modulator), secondly by means of path analysis we investigated whether the strength of the association between CORT levels, GSH levels and tonic immobility (TI) varied in relation to treatment. We observed (i) similar baseline levels of CORT in both groups, (ii) a trend toward higher stress response in the traffic noise group (P = 0.08), (iii) similar TI duration in both groups, (iv) higher GSH levels in the traffic noise group and (v) differences in the strength and sign of the associations in relation to the treatment (traffic vs. rural). We conclude that the acoustic environment perceived during development has implications for physiology and behaviour; as more research is done on this topic, the need for sustainable urban planning will become clearer.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen A. Fox ◽  
Margaret C. MacCluskie ◽  
Rodney W. Brook

Abstract One of the proposed explanations for the recent continental decline in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) populations is that females experience lower survival or reproduction resulting from exposure to contaminants in their diet of exotic bivalves during migration and over winter. In 1999, we collected eggs and females from five sites in the boreal forest of Canada and Alaska and four sites in Canadian parkland. We analyzed eggs from 60 clutches and ten nesting females for toxic metals, selenium, 19 pesticides and other organochlorines, and 43 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The highest organochlorine concentration we measured was 1.5 μg g−1 ww of DDE in eggs. The highest mercury concentration was 1.8 μg g−1 dw in liver. The highest cadmium concentration was 6.2 μg g−1 dw in kidney. The highest selenium concentrations measured were 1.6 μg g−1 ww in eggs, and 5.3 μg g−1 dw in liver. All are well below thresholds known to cause embryotoxic and other effects in other bird species. Though sample sizes were small and did not include the entire breeding range or nonbreeders, our results provide no evidence to support the hypothesis of contaminant-induced effects on egg hatchability and female health. However, recently published concentrations of selenium in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and Asian clams (Potamocorbula amurensis), predominant foods on staging areas, are sufficient to induce other sublethal effects, and possibly mortality if eaten by scaup for extended periods. ¿Son Preocupantes las Concentraciones Actuales de Contaminantes en los Huevos y Hembras Reproductivas de Aythya affinis? Resumen. Uno de los argumentos propuestos para explicar la disminución reciente de las poblaciones continentales de Aythya affinis es que como consecuencia de la exposición a contaminantes presentes en su dieta de bivalvos exóticos durante la migración y el invierno, la supervivencia o reproducción de las hembras es reducida. En 1999, colectamos huevos y hembras en cinco sitios ubicados en bosques boreales de Canada y Alaska y en cuatro sitios en parques canadienses. Analizamos los metales tóxicos, selenio, 19 pesticidas y otros organoclorados y 43 congéneres de bifenil policlorado (PCB). La concentración más alta de organoclorados que medimos fue de 1.5 μg g−1 (peso fresco) de DDE, en huevos. La concentración más alta de mercurio fue 1.8 μg g−1 (peso seco), en hígado. La concentración más alta de cadmio fue 6.2 μg g−1 (peso seco), en riñón. Las concentraciones de selenio más altas fueron 1.6 μg g−1 (peso fresco) en huevos y 5.3 μg g−1 (peso seco) en hígado. Todas estas medidas están por debajo de los niveles que causan efectos embriotó xicos y de otros tipos en otras especies de aves. Aunque los tamaños muestrales fueron pequeños y no incluyeron todo el rango de distribución reproductivo ni aves que no se estaban reproduciendo, nuestros resultados no proveen evidencia para apoyar la hipótesis de que existen efectos inducidos por los contaminantes sobre la capacidad de eclosionar de los huevos y la salud de las hembras. Sin embargo, las concentraciones de selenio en los bivalvos Dreissena polymorpha y Potamocorbula amurensis, alimentos predominantes en áreas de escala migratoria, son suficientes para inducir otros efectos no letales y posiblemente la muerte si son consumidos por A. affinis por períodos prolongados.


2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Andrzej R. Reindl ◽  
Lucyna Falkowska

Alimentary exposure is the main factor determining halogenated organic compound pollution of wildlife, with birds’ eggs recognised as bioindicators of these contaminants and often used as a non-invasive monitoring tool. Comparisons of bird species from two aquatic environments, namely a marine coastal area (Gdansk Bay) and an inland reservoir (Włocławek Dam on the Vistula River), indicated significant differences in egg contamination. Herring gull eggs from Włocławek Dam had high concentrations of highly chlorinated dioxin (i.e. octachlorodibenzodioxin, which accounted for 37% of all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans, PCDD/Fs). In contrast, eggs from terns feeding along the coastal area of the Southern Baltic contained high concentrations of lowly chlorinated furans (i.e. pentachlorodibezofuran, which accounted for 46 and 45% of all PCDD/Fs in eggs from the sandwich tern and common tern respectively). The congener patterns in terns’ eggs were similar to those reported previously for Baltic fish. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener 180 had the highest concentrations among the mono-ortho chlorinated biphenyls, whereas concentrations of non-dioxin-like chlorinated biphenyls were 10-fold higher than those of the other congeners analysed, but the congener pattern in eggs from both species (sandwich and common tern) was similar to that reported in other studies. Among the hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, α-HBCD dominated in all eggs analysed (accounting for >97% of all HBCDs). The total HBCD concentration in gulls’ eggs from the inland reservoir was approximately half that in eggs from the common and sandwich terns (mean±s.d. 47.33±33.22v. 97.98±59.69 and 104.00±63.66ngg–1 lipid weight respectively).


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lukacs ◽  
Victoria J. Dreitz ◽  
Fritz L. Knopf ◽  
Kenneth P. Burnham

Abstract We present a capture–recapture modeling approach to the estimation of survival probability of dependent chicks when only the attending adult bird is marked. The model requires that the bird's nest is found prior to hatching and that the number of eggs that hatch are counted. Subsequent data are sightings of the marked adult and a count of chicks with the adult. The model allows for imperfect detection of chicks, but the number of chicks can never exceed the number of eggs in the nest (i.e., adults cannot adopt chicks). We use data from radio-tagged adult Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) and their unmarked chicks as an example. We present the model in terms of precocial bird species, but the method extends to many other taxa. Estimación de las Probabilidades de Supervivencia de Crías Dependientes no Marcadas cuando la Detección es Imperfecta Resumen. Presentamos un enfoque de captura y recaptura para modelar la estimación de la probabilidad de supervivencia de polluelos dependientes cuando sólo el adulto que atiende a los polluelos esta marcado. El modelo requiere que el nido sea encontrado antes de la eclosión y que se cuenten el número de huevos que eclosionan. Los datos subsecuentes necesarios son los avistamientos del adulto marcado y el conteo de los polluelos que se encuentran con el adulto. El modelo permite la detección imperfecta de los polluelos, pero el número de polluelos nunca puede exceder el número de huevos en el nido (i.e., los adultos no pueden adoptar polluelos). Como ejemplo, utilizamos datos de adultos marcados con radio transmisores de Charadrius montanus y de sus polluelos no marcados. Presentamos el modelo en términos de especies de aves precociales, pero el método también se extiende a muchas otras especies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Javier Francisco-Morcillo ◽  
Guadalupe Alvarez-Hernan ◽  
JoséAntonio de Mera-Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Gañán ◽  
Jorge Solana-Fajardo ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 1408-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Akhtar Abbasi ◽  
Igor Eulaers ◽  
Veerle L.B. Jaspers ◽  
Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal Chaudhry ◽  
Adrien Frantz ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien S. Lemaire ◽  
Daniele Rucco ◽  
Mathilde Josserand ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara ◽  
Elisabetta Versace

AbstractFilial imprinting has become a model for understanding memory, learning and social behaviour in neonate animals. This mechanism allows the youngs of precocial bird species to learn the characteristics of conspicuous visual stimuli and display affiliative response to them. Although longer exposures to an object produce stronger preferences for it afterwards, this relation is not linear. Sometimes, chicks even prefer to approach novel rather than familiar objects. To date, little is known about how filial preferences develop across time. This study aimed to investigate filial preferences for familiar and novel imprinting objects over time. After hatching, chicks were individually placed in an arena where stimuli were displayed on two opposite screens. Using an automated setup, the duration of exposure and the type of stimuli were manipulated while the time spent at the imprinting stimulus was monitored across 6 days. We showed that prolonged exposure (3 days vs 1 day) to a stimulus produced robust filial imprinting preferences. Interestingly, with a shorter exposure (1 day), animals re-evaluated their filial preferences in functions of their spontaneous preferences and past experiences. Our study suggests that predispositions influence learning when the imprinting memories are not fully consolidated, driving animal preferences toward more predisposed stimuli.


Author(s):  
W.T. Collins ◽  
Charles C. Capen ◽  
Louis Kasza

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.


Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document