Association of ambient air pollution with lengths of hospital stay for hanoi children with acute lower-respiratory infection, 2007–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 752-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
Tran Minh Dien ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Nino Künzli
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection

scholarly journals Ambient air pollution and acute respiratory infection in children aged under 5 years living in 35 developing countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 107019
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Odo ◽  
Ian A. Yang ◽  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Melanie S. Hammer ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

scholarly journals Types of cooking stove and risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among under-five children: a cross sectional study in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudesh Raj Sharma ◽  
Nitin Nischal Bhandari ◽  
Ram Bhandari ◽  
Kusum Wagle ◽  
Mukesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: In Nepal, about 75% people rely on wood and other biomass fuels for cooking. The majority of Nepali families cook on a traditional stove, an open fire in the kitchen resulting in indoor air pollution, one of the key risk factors for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) among under-five children.The study aimed at exploring the association of indoor air pollution due to use of traditional cooking stoves with ALRI among under-five children in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rasuwa district from October to November 2011. The mothers with under-five children who lived in household using biomass fuels were interviewed. The total sample size of 210, calculated on the basis of Proportion to Population Size, was selected by using cluster sampling method. Children who suffered from common cold and fast breathing/higher respiratory rate were defined as having ALRI. Logistic regression was used to find out association of types of cooking stove and other factors with ALRI among the children.Results: Only about 30% of the households used improved stoves for cooking. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the children under five years of age who lived in household using biomass fuels suffered from ALRI. After adjusting for the factors like mother’s group status, ethnic group, age of children, mother’s group membership status and father’s occupation, use of traditional/open type of cooking stove was found to be highly associated with ALRI [aOR:2.30; 95%CI (1.03-5.10)] among children.Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from a traditional stove is one of the factors leading to ALRI among children. The ALRI could be substantially reduced if these stoves be replaced by improved ones in rural areas of Nepal.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Sub-Saharan African Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9729
Author(s):  
Yutong Cai ◽  
Harry Gibson ◽  
Rema Ramakrishnan ◽  
Mohammad Mamouei ◽  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Ambient air pollution is projected to become a major environmental risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Research into its health impacts is hindered by limited data. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and prevalence of cough or acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children under five in SSA. Data were collected from 31 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 21 SSA countries between 2005–2018. Prior-month average PM2.5 preceding the survey date was assessed based on satellite measurements and a chemical transport model. Cough and ALRI in the past two weeks were derived from questionnaires. Associations were analysed using conditional logistic regression within each survey cluster, adjusting for child’s age, sex, birth size, household wealth, maternal education, maternal age and month of the interview. Survey-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Included were 368,366 and 109,664 children for the analysis of cough and ALRI, respectively. On average, 20.5% children had reported a cough, 6.4% reported ALRI, and 32% of children lived in urban areas. Prior-month average PM2.5 ranged from 8.9 to 64.6 μg/m3. Pooling all surveys, no associations were observed with either outcome in the overall populations. Among countries with medium-to-high Human Development Index, positive associations were observed with both cough (pooled OR: 1.022, 95%CI: 0.982–1.064) and ALRI (pooled OR: 1.018, 95%CI: 0.975–1.064) for 1 μg/m3 higher of PM2.5. This explorative study found no associations between short-term ambient PM2.5 and respiratory health among young SSA children, necessitating future analyses using better-defined exposure and health metrics to study this important link.

scholarly journals A systematic review of respiratory infection due to air pollution during natural disasters

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Ummul Mukminin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND Wildfire and volcano eruption occurred in Indonesia due to its geographical location, climate change, global warming, and human behavior. Various substances produced an increased risk of experiencing health problems, including respiratory infection. Evidence about the effect of pulmonary infection during natural disasters is still limited. This study was aimed to review and elaborate on previous studies to determine the effect of air pollution exposure during natural disasters and respiratory infection. METHODS Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, and was limited to the 10 last years, human studies, and the English language. Inclusion criteria were articles with representation for clinical questions, review articles, population studies, and the full-text article was available. Exclusion criteria were articles that only discussed the exposure to and not the association with the effect of the respiratory infection. The Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine tools appraised six relevant articles. RESULTS Air pollution during a natural disaster enhances particulate matter to 10–70 μg/m3 and more than 5 times the aerosol optical depth measurement compared with the tolerated air concentration. The air level was consistently related to acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis admissions in wildfire smoke and volcanic eruption in this review. Nevertheless, there was a diverse result for upper respiratory infection cases. CONCLUSIONS Natural disasters increased the level of ambient air pollution that exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization air quality guideline. Air pollution may play an important role in respiratory tract infection, especially among population with high exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of Improved Cookstove Intervention on Childhood Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Northwest Ethiopia: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesafint Molla Adane ◽  
Getu Degu Alene ◽  
Seid Tiku Mereta ◽  
Kristina L Wanyonyi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Improved Cookstove

Abstract BackgroundHousehold air pollution exposure is linked with over 3.5 million premature deaths every year, ranking highest among environmental risk factors globally. Children are uniquely vulnerable and sensitive to the damaging health effects of household air pollution which includes childhood acute lower respiratory infection. The use of improved cookstoves has been widely encouraged to reduce these health burdens. It is, however not clear whether it is possible to prevent household air pollution-related disease burdens with locally made improved cookstoves, and the evidence regarding the health effect of improved cookstove interventions among children still attracts wide debate. Therefore, we investigated the child health effect of improved baking stove intervention compared with the continuation of the customary open burning traditional baking stove.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the health effect of improved baking stove intervention. A total of 100 clusters were randomly allocated to both arms at a 1:1 ratio, and intervention was delivered to all households allocated into the intervention arm. A total of four follow-up visits were carried out within one year at approximately 3-month intervals immediately after the delivery of the intervention. The intervention effect was estimated using odds ratio as a measure of effect following a Generalized Estimating Equations modeling approach among the intention-to-treat population.ResultsA total of 5508 children were enrolled in the study across 100 randomly selected clusters in both arms, among which data were obtained from a total of 5333 participants for at least one follow-up visit which establishes the intention-to-treat population dataset for analysis. The intervention was not found to have a statistically significant effect on the outcome with an estimated odds ratio of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–1.02) compared with the continuation of an open burning traditional baking stove method.Harms:There was no difference in the overall incidence rates of cooking-related burns between arms with an incidence rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53–1.21), and there were no grounds to stop the trial early for adverse events.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that an intervention comprising biomass-fuelled improved baking stove reduced the risk of childhood acute lower respiratory infection compared with the continuation of an open burning traditional baking stove method. Therefore, effective cooking solutions are needed to avert the adverse health effect of household air pollution, particularly, childhood acute lower respiratory infection.Trial registration: The trial was registered on August 2, 2018 at clinical trials.gov registry database (registration identifier number: NCT03612362).

scholarly journals Effect of improved cookstove intervention on childhood acute lower respiratory infection in Northwest Ethiopia: Cluster randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesafint Molla Adane ◽  
Getu Degu Alene ◽  
Seid Tiku Mereta ◽  
Kristina L Wanyonyi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Improved Cookstove

Abstract BackgroundHousehold air pollution exposure is linked with over 3.5 million premature deaths every year, ranking highest among environmental risk factors globally. Children are uniquely vulnerable and sensitive to the damaging health effects of household air pollution which includes childhood acute lower respiratory infection. The use of improved cookstoves has been widely encouraged to reduce these health burdens. It is, however not clear whether it is possible to prevent household air pollution-related disease burdens with locally made improved cookstoves, and the evidence regarding the health effect of improved cookstove interventions among children still attracts wide debate. Therefore, we investigated the child health effect of improved baking stove intervention compared with the continuation of the customary open burning traditional baking stove.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the health effect of improved baking stove intervention. A total of 100 clusters were randomly allocated to both arms at a 1:1 ratio, and intervention was delivered to all households allocated into the intervention arm. A total of four follow-up visits were carried out within one year at approximately 3-month intervals immediately after the delivery of the intervention. The intervention effect was estimated using odds ratio as a measure of effect following a Generalized Estimating Equations modeling approach among the intention-to-treat population.ResultsA total of 5508 children were enrolled in the study across 100 randomly selected clusters in both arms, among which data were obtained from a total of 5333 participants for at least one follow-up visit which establishes the intention-to-treat population dataset for analysis. The intervention was not found to have a statistically significant effect on the outcome with an estimated odds ratio of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–1.02) compared with the continuation of an open burning traditional baking stove method. Harms: There was no difference in the overall incidence rates of cooking-related burns between arms with an incidence rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53–1.21), and there were no grounds to stop the trial early for adverse events.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that an intervention comprising biomass-fuelled improved baking stove reduced the risk of childhood acute lower respiratory infection compared with the continuation of an open burning traditional baking stove method. Therefore, effective cooking solutions are needed to avert the adverse health effect of household air pollution, particularly, childhood acute lower respiratory infection.

Ambient PM2.5 exposure and hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in 11 cities in Shanxi Province, China

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215838
Author(s):  
Dawei Cao ◽  
Dongyan Li ◽  
Yinglin Wu ◽  
Zhengmin (Min) Qian ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Shanxi Province

BackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in China.MethodsWe estimated ambient air pollution exposure for respiratory cases through inverse distance-weighted averages of air monitoring stations based on their residential address and averaged at the city level. We used generalised additive models to quantify city-specific associations in 11 cities in Shanxi and a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects. We further estimated respiratory burden attributable to PM2.5 using the standards of WHO (25 µg/m3) and China (75 µg/m3) as reference.ResultsEach 10 µg/m3 increase in lag03 PM2.5 corresponded to 0.53% (95% CI: 0.33% to 0.73%) increase in respiratory hospitalisation, an increment of 3.75 thousand RMB (95% CI: 1.84 to 5.670) in hospital cost and 4.13 days (95% CI: 2.51 to 5.75) in length of hospital stay. About 9.7 thousand respiratory hospitalisations, 132 million RMB in hospital cost and 145 thousand days of hospital stay could be attributable to PM2.5 exposures using WHO’s guideline as reference. We estimated that 193 RMB (95% CI: 95 to 292) in hospital cost and 0.21 days (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.30) in hospital stay could be potentially avoidable for an average respiratory case.ConclusionSignificant respiratory burden could be attributable to PM2.5 exposures in Shanxi Province, China. The results need to be factored into impact assessment of air pollution policies to provide a more complete indication of the burden addressed by the policies.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

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