Frictional properties and slip stability of active faults within carbonate–evaporite sequences: The role of dolomite and anhydrite

Abstract An optimal design of a geodetic network can fulfill the requested precision and reliability of the network, and decrease the expenses of its execution by removing unnecessary observations. The role of an optimal design is highlighted in deformation monitoring network due to the repeatability of these networks. The core design problem is how to define precision and reliability criteria. This paper proposes a solution, where the precision criterion is defined based on the precision of deformation parameters, i. e. precision of strain and differential rotations. A strain analysis can be performed to obtain some information about the possible deformation of a deformable object. In this study, we split an area into a number of three-dimensional finite elements with the help of the Delaunay triangulation and performed the strain analysis on each element. According to the obtained precision of deformation parameters in each element, the precision criterion of displacement detection at each network point is then determined. The developed criterion is implemented to optimize the observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Skåne monitoring network in Sweden. The network was established in 1989 and straddled the Tornquist zone, which is one of the most active faults in southern Sweden. The numerical results show that 17 out of all 21 possible GPS baseline observations are sufficient to detect minimum 3 mm displacement at each network point.

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The Corinth Rift Laboratory or an in situ Investigation on Interactions between Fluids and Active Faults

Scientific Drilling ◽

10.5194/sd-specialissue-35-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol SpecialIssue ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. H. Cornet

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Deformation Process ◽

Active Faults ◽

Localization Of Deformation

Earthquakes result from the sudden acceleration of a preliminary long-term slow deformation process. The objective of the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) is to investigate <i>in situ</i> this quasistatic deformation process and mechanisms leading to a sudden catastrophic acceleration. Of particular interest is the characterization of the structure of the deforming zones and of the progressive localization of deformation. Special attention is given to the role of fluids but also on the influence of faults on regional fluid flow <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.20.2007" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.20.2007</a>

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Permeability and frictional properties of halite-clay-quartz faults in marine-sediment: The role of compaction and shear

Marine and Petroleum Geology ◽

10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.09.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 222-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bryan M. Kaproth ◽

Marek Kacewicz ◽

Sankar Muhuri ◽

Chris Marone

Keyword(s):

Marine Sediment ◽

Frictional Properties

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Investigation into the effect of proteoglycan molecules on the tribological properties of cartilage joint tissues

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/0954411981533953 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 212 (3) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

J Pickard ◽

E Ingham ◽

J Egan ◽

J Fisher

Keyword(s):

Tribological Properties ◽

Sliding Friction ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Constant Load ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽

Frictional Properties ◽

Proteoglycan Content ◽

Bovine Cartilage

The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the hydrophilic properties of the proteoglycan molecules within the cartilage matrix, on the tribological properties of joint tissues in the mixed and boundary lubricating regime. Bovine articular cartilage, bovine meniscus and bovine cartilage that had been degraded to remove the chondroitin sulphate from its proteoglycans were studied in order to investigate differences in their friction and compression responses. The tissues were tested on a sliding friction rig under nominal contact stresses of 0.5 and 4 MPa. The compression tests were carried out under a 0.8 MPa contact stress. The compression tests showed the cartilage and meniscus deforming at the same rates, but the degraded cartilage deformed more quickly to reach its equilibrium position in a shorter period of time. The friction tests carried out at a constant load revealed the friction of the meniscus rising more rapidly with loading time than the cartilage. The degraded cartilage followed an almost identical curve as the untreated cartilage. Although the reduced proteoglycan content of the degraded cartilage substantially altered the biphasic compression response, it did not have an effect on the frictional properties of the tissue.

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Effect of Texturing on the Friction Characteristic of Carbide and Steel Material by Grinding Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.887.83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 887 ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Asma Perveen ◽

Feng Liu

Keyword(s):

Steel Surface ◽

Friction Reduction ◽

Grinding Wheel ◽

Friction Behavior ◽

Friction Characteristic ◽

Frictional Properties ◽

Steel Material ◽

Steel Surfaces ◽

Grooved Wheel

In this paper, friction behavior of textured carbide and steel surface has been studied in order to investigate the effect of different patterns. Several simple textures have been fabricated using straight groove grinding wheel. By microstructuring, various spacing and height of the structure, we investigate the role of topography in terms of friction characteristic. The change of friction behavior has been tailored by grinding operation using straight grooved wheel and evaluated in terms of friction. Friction values were measured by Tribometer. Frictional properties of textured carbide and steel surfaces were assessed with the help of parallel steel slider with 2000g normal force under dry condition using four different sliding speeds. It is found from the experiment that except 30° and 90° angle patterns, rest of the patterns on carbide surfaces show friction reduction which is roughly from 0.15 to 0.13. On the other hand, similar textured patterns can reduce the COF from 0.17 to 0.13 in case of steel surface.

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Regional mapping and characterisation of old landslides in hilly regions using LiDAR-based imagery in Southern Flanders

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 721-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. Van Den Eeckhaut ◽

Jean Poesen ◽

Frans Gullentops ◽

Liesbeth Vandekerckhove ◽

Javier Hervás

Keyword(s):

Active Faults ◽

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Spatial Density ◽

Area Distribution ◽

Susceptibility Model ◽

Landslide Processes ◽

Triggering Mechanisms ◽

Seismic Origin ◽

Frequency Area

AbstractAnalysis of LiDAR-derived imagery led to the discovery of more than 330 pre-Holocene to recent landslides in Southern Flanders (4850 km2). The morphology of three landslides, including the 266.5 ha deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in Alden Biesen, was investigated in more detail. The analysis of the morphological and topographical characteristics (width–length relation, frequency–area distribution and topographical threshold) of the landslides revealed important differences compared to the characteristics reported in other landslide studies, and helped understanding possible landslide triggering mechanisms. Especially the possibility of a seismic origin of the landslides was investigated. Finally, a heuristic model for region-wide landslide susceptibility mapping was successfully tested. The susceptibility model and map allow prediction of future landslide locations and contribute to better understanding the role of individual causal factors on landslide location and spatial density. The results suggest that landslides on low-gradient, soil-mantled hills are a more important contributor to landscape evolution of hilly areas than was hitherto thought. The morphology of all hilly regions of Flanders is clearly marked by landslide processes and higher landslide densities often coincide with the presence of quaternary active faults. This study further shows that high-resolution topographical data such as LiDAR significantly contributes to a better detection of old, previously unknown landslides.

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Geochemistry of Fluid Inclusions in Travertines From Western and Northern Turkey: Inferences on the Role of Active Faults in Fluids Circulation

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems ◽

10.1029/2019gc008453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 5473-5498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea Luca Rizzo ◽

I. Tonguc Uysal ◽

Halim Mutlu ◽

Ezgi Ünal‐İmer ◽

Kadir Dirik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Active Faults

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The Effect of Addition of Nanoparticles, Especially ZrO2-Based, on Tribological Behavior of Lubricants

Lubricants ◽

10.3390/lubricants8030023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adam Rylski ◽

Krzysztof Siczek

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Tribological Behavior ◽

The Other ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Lubrication Mechanism ◽

Lithium Grease ◽

Frictional Properties ◽

The Difference ◽

Ball On Disc

The aim of the paper was to discuss different effects, such as, among others, agglomeration of selected nanoparticles, particularly those from zirconia, on the tribological behavior of lubricants. The explanation of the difference between the concepts of ‘aggregation’ and ‘agglomeration’ for ZrO2 nanoparticles is included. The factors that influence such an agglomeration are considered. Classification and thickeners of grease, the role of additives therein, and characteristics of the lithium grease with and without ZrO2 additive are discussed in the paper. The role of nanoparticles, including those from ZrO2 utilized as additives to lubricants, particularly to the lithium grease, is also discussed. The methods of preparation of ZrO2 nanoparticles are described in the paper. The agglomeration of ZrO2 nanoparticles and methods to prevent it and the lubrication mechanism of the lithium nanogrease and its tribological evaluation are also discussed. Sample preparation and a ball-on disc tester for investigating of spinning friction are described. The effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles agglomeration on the frictional properties of the lithium grease is shown. The addition of 1 wt.% ZrO2 nanoparticles to pure lithium grease can decrease the friction coefficient to 50%. On the other hand, the agglomeration of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the lithium grease can increase twice the friction coefficient relative to that for the pure grease.

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Geotechnics as an unavoidable segment of earthquake engineering

Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers ◽

10.14256/jce.2968.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 923-936

Keyword(s):

Earthquake Engineering ◽

Seismic Activity ◽

Active Faults ◽

Comprehensive Approach ◽

Design Standards ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Geotechnical Investigations ◽

Current Design ◽

Hydrogeological Properties

A broader overview of the role of geotechnics in earthquake engineering is given, and a set of practical examples of the quantification of geotechnical seismic indicators for construction of individual buildings is provided. An overview of oncoming changes to the current design standards for evaluating the effect the soil has on buildings in earthquake conditions is also given. Considering the level of seismic activity in Croatia, the need for adopting a comprehensive approach to seismic microzoning is emphasized, which involves a whole array of indicators, from lithological, engineering geological, and hydrogeological properties, and position of active faults, to identification of unstable slopes and zones of pronounced liquefaction potential, for which extensive geophysical and geotechnical investigations are required.

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