scholarly journals Stroop interference and development: Influence of expectation on color-naming response times

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
C. Lemercier ◽  
A. Simoës-Perlant ◽  
J.R. Schmidt ◽  
C. Boujon
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Naming Response

scholarly journals Response competition better explains Stroop interference than does response exclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardi Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Color Name ◽  
Naming Response

AbstractResearchers debate whether Stroop interference from an incongruent word in color-naming response time is caused by response competition or by response exclusion. According to the former account, the interference reflects competition in lexical response selection during color name planning, whereas according to the latter, the interference reflects the removal of a motor program for the incongruent word from an articulatory buffer after planning. Here, numerical predictions about the magnitude of Stroop interference as a function of stimulus onset asynchrony were derived from these accounts. These predictions were then tested on representative data in the literature. Measures of goodness-of-fit showed that the numerical predictions of a response competition account are closer to the empirical data than those of the response exclusion account. These results indicate that response competition provides a better explanation of interference in naming than does response exclusion.

scholarly journals Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez ◽  
Rafael Quinto-Guillen ◽  
Josefa Pérez-Lucas ◽  
Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽  
Isabel Martínez-Grass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Interference Effects

Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) “Patients” (<em>n = </em>88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) “Control” (<em>n = </em>85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that completed the Stroop color naming Task (Classic Stroop), the Neutral Stroop test and the alcohol Stroop test. Statistically significant differences were found in the interference effects calculated for the Classic and Alcohol Stroop tests. Patients compared to control participants showed a higher interference effect for alcohol-related stimuli than for neutral stimuli. These effects were accounted by an attention bias for alcohol-related information in patients. ROC curves were calculated for the three interference effects, showing an area under the curve statistically significant in the Classic Stroop interference and the Alcohol Stroop interference. This study provides the validation of the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test that allows to evaluate attention biases for alcohol stimuli in individuals with both pathologic alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.

scholarly journals Response Time Distribution Analysis of Semantic and Response Interference in a Manual Response Stroop Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hasshim ◽  
Michelle Downes ◽  
Sarah Bate ◽  
Benjamin A. Parris
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Time Distribution ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Response Interference

Abstract. Previous analyses of response time distributions have shown that the Stroop effect is observed in the mode (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of the normal part of the distribution, as well as its tail (τ). Specifically, interference related to semantic and response processes has been suggested to specifically affect the mode and tail, respectively. However, only one study in the literature has directly manipulated semantic interference, and none manipulating response interference. The present research aims to address this gap by manipulating both semantic and response interference in a manual response Stroop task, and examining how these components of Stroop interference affect the response time distribution. Ex-Gaussian analysis showed both semantic and response conflict to only affect τ. Analyzing the distribution by rank-ordered response times (Vincentizing) showed converging results as the magnitude of both semantic and response conflict increased with slower response times. Additionally, response conflict appeared earlier on the distribution compared to semantic conflict. These findings further highlight the difficulty in attributing specific psychological processes to different parameters (i.e., μ, σ, and τ). The effect of different response modalities on the makeup of Stroop interference is also discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Motor Norms for Huntington’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-682
Author(s):  
James A Mills ◽  
Jeffrey D Long ◽  
Amrita Mohan ◽  
Jennifer J Ware ◽  
Cristina Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Motor Score

Abstract Background The progression of Huntington’s disease (HD) for gene-expanded carriers is well-studied. Natural aging effects, however, are not often considered in the evaluation of HD progression. Objective To examine the effects of natural aging for healthy controls and to develop normative curves by age, sex, and education from the distribution of observed scores for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Stroop Word Reading Test, Stroop Color Naming Test, Stroop Interference Test, Total Motor Score, and Total Functional Capacity (TFC) from the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) along with a composite score. Methods After combining longitudinal REGISTRY and Enroll-HD data, we used quantile regression and natural cubic splines for age to fit models for healthy controls (N = 3,394; N observations = 8,619). Normative curves were estimated for the 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.95 quantiles. Two types of reference curves were considered: unconditional curves were dependent on age alone, whereas conditional curves were dependent on age and other covariates, namely sex and education. Results Conditioning on education was necessary for the Symbol Digit, Stroop Word, Stroop Color, Stroop Interference, and composite UHDRS. Unconditional curves were sufficient for the Total Motor Score. TFC was unique in that the curve was constant over age with its intercept at the maximum score (TFC = 13). For all measures, sex effects were minimal, so conditioning on sex was unwarranted. Conclusions Extreme quantile estimates for each measure can be considered as boundaries for natural aging and scores falling beyond these thresholds are likely the result of disease progression. Normative curves and tables are developed and can serve as references for clinical characterization in HD.

scholarly journals Stroop Interference and Facilitation Effects in Kinesthetic and Haptic Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hecht ◽  
Miriam Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interactions ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Multisensory Systems ◽  
Computer Interactions

Stroop interference and facilitation effects were documented in the visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory modalities. This study extends the Stroop phenomena also for kinesthetic and haptic tasks. In a touch-enabled computer interface, participants touched and manipulated virtual objects (cylinders, cubes, and tiles), through a pen-like stylus, and identified their haptic qualities (weight, firmness, vibrations). Similarly, participants were stimulated with a mechanical force pushing their hands lightly towards a specific direction which they had to identify. While performing these identification tasks, participants were simultaneously presented with words or symbols that were congruent, neutral, or incongruent with the experienced kinesthetic/haptic sensations. Error rates and response times were affected in the following order: congruent < neutral < incongruent. As technologies advance into multisensory systems, engineers and designers can improve human-computer interactions by ensuring optimal congruence between all the inter- and intra-sensory elements in the display.

Color Priming Affects Stroop Interference

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda McClain
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Discrete Trials ◽  
Color Priming

The effect of prior word and/or color activation on subsequent color naming was examined in a discrete-trials Stroop task. Both word and color primes increased color-word interference, and the magnitude of the priming effect increased as the number of priming dimensions increased. The maximal interference usually produced by incongruent Stroop stimuli was reduced when such stimuli were preceded by primes which activated both word and color dimensions. The results were discussed in terms of models which attribute color-word interference to the relative speed of word reading and color naming.

Is Color an Intrinsic Property of Object Representation?

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5050 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galit Naor-Raz ◽  
Michael J Tarr ◽  
Daniel Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Object Representation ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Stroop Paradigm ◽  
Typical Condition ◽  
Automatic Activation

The role of color in object representation was examined by using a variation of the Stroop paradigm in which observers named the displayed colors of objects or words. In experiment 1, colors of color-diagnostic objects were manipulated to be either typical or atypical of the object (eg a yellow banana versus a purple banana). A Stroop-like effect was obtained, with faster color-naming times for the typical as compared to the atypical condition. In experiment 2, naming colors on words specifying these same color-diagnostic objects reversed this pattern, with the typical condition producing longer response times than the atypical condition. In experiment 3, a blocked condition design that used the same words and colors as experiment 2 produced the standard Stroop-like facilitation for the typical condition. These results indicate that color is an intrinsic property of an object's representation at multiple levels. In experiment 4, we examined the specific level(s) at which color–shape associations arise by following the tasks used in experiments 1 and 2 with a lexical-decision task in which some items were conceptually related to items shown during color naming (eg banana/monkey). Priming for these associates was observed following color naming of words, but not pictures, providing further evidence that the color–shape associations responsible for the differing effects obtained in experiments 1 and 2 are due to the automatic activation of color–shape associations at different levels of representation.

scholarly journals Color naming and categorization depend on distinct functional brain networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Siuda-Krzywicka ◽  
Christoph Witzel ◽  
Paolo Bartolomeo ◽  
Laurent Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Color Categorization

AbstractNaming a color can be understood as an act of categorization, i.e. identifying it as a member of category of colors that are referred to by the same name. But are naming and categorization equivalent cognitive processes, and consequently rely on same neural substrates? Here, we used task and resting-state fMRI, as well as behavioral measures to identify functional brain networks that modulated naming and categorization of colors. Color naming and categorization response times were modulated by different resting state connectivity networks spanning from the color-sensitive regions in the ventro-occipital cortex. Color naming correlated with the connectivity between the left posterior color region, the left medial temporal gyrus, and the left angular gyrus; whereas color categorization involved the connectivity between the bilateral posterior color regions, the left frontal, right temporal and bilateral parietal areas. The networks supporting naming and categorization did not overlap, suggesting that the two processes rely on different neural mechanisms.SignificanceWhen we name a color, we also identify it as a member of a color category, e.g. blue or yellow. Are neural processes underlying color categorization equivalent to those of color naming? Here, we address this question by measuring how individual differences in color categorization and naming response times relate to the strength of functional connections in the brain. Color naming speed correlated with left-hemispheric connectivity between the color-sensitive visual regions and the anterior temporal lobe. Color categorization speed was modulated by a different brain network, encompassing bilateral color-sensitive visual areas, and high-level executive and semantic regions. Thus, color categorization and naming performance involved distinct, non-overlapping brain networks, suggesting that the two processes depend on different neural mechanisms.

Cognitive Loci of Impairments in Picture Naming by Aphasic Subjects

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Mills ◽  
A. W. Knox ◽  
James F. Juola ◽  
Shirley J. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Retrieval Problem ◽  
Naming Response ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Low Uncertainty ◽  
High Uncertainty

In order to identify the process or processes responsible for impaired naming by aphasic patients, ten aphasic adults and ten normal adults performed three independent tasks—picture naming, modified Sternberg picture recognition, and modified Sternberg random shape recognition (Sternberg, 1966). Response times and error percentages were the dependent variables. Independent variables in naming were stimulus codability measured in bits of uncertainty (two levels) and number of naming trials (three trials). Independent variables in the recognition tasks were uncertainty (two levels), number of stimuli to be remembered (two or four stimuli) and response type (“yes” or “no”). The results showed that uncertainty had significant effects on naming but not on recognition performance. The aphasic group produced significantly longer naming response times regardless of uncertainty level. The differences between groups were much greater for high-uncertainty pictures (1100 msec) than for low-uncertainty pictures (270 msec). A comparison of estimates of word retrieval times showed that the two subject groups differed significantly for high-uncertainty but not for low-uncertainty items. It was concluded that (1) use of the term “word retrieval problem” rather than “loss of memory problem” was justified to describe the major component in the aphasic naming impairment for high-uncertainty items, and (2) when naming low-uncertainty items these aphasic subjects did not demonstrate a word retrieval problem. The results indicate that treatment procedures designed to improve naming should be process rather than content oriented.

Stroop Interference and Color-Word Similarity

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S. Klopfer
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Word Similarity ◽  
Incongruent Color

Stroop interference refers to the finding that it takes longer to name the color of an incongruent color word (e g, the word blue shown in green) than it does to name the color of a neutral stimulus (e g, a series of number signs shown in green) Incongruent color-word stimuli can differ in the similarity between the color in which the word is printed and the color denoted by the word (e g, the word blue shown in green vs yellow) This research shows that the amount of interference obtained is related to color-word similarity, suggesting that word-reading and color-naming processes interact at a conceptual level prior to response emission

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