Biotherapic of Toxoplasma gondii reduces parasite load, improves experimental infection, protects myenteric neurons and modulates the immune response in mice with toxoplasmosis

Early abortion in ovine toxoplasmosis has had limited investigation. This study evaluated the immune response in the placenta of sheep orally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and euthanized between 2 and 4 weeks postinfection. Toxoplasma infection of the placenta was only found at 4 weeks after infection. Parasitic debris in foci of necrosis were immunolabeled in the maternal caruncle, whereas well-preserved intracellular parasitic vacuole-like structures were found in trophoblasts of fetal cotyledon. Early abortions had increased macrophages in caruncular septa, whereas in later abortions the placentas containing the parasite had an increase of T lymphocytes and macrophages mainly in the fetal cotyledons. This study suggests that the immune response in both the fetal and maternal compartments of the placenta may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovine toxoplasmosis and that these responses differ between early and late presentations of the disease.

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EFFICACY OF NITAZOXANIDE AGAINST Toxocara canis: LARVAL RECOVERY AND HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED MICE

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652015000400011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susana A. Zevallos LESCANO ◽

Sergio Vieira dos SANTOS ◽

Jesiel Maurício Lemos ASSIS ◽

Pedro Paulo CHIEFFI

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Control Group ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Larval Recovery ◽

Experimental Murine Model

SUMMARY The efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ) against toxocariasis was investigated in an experimental murine model and results were compared to those obtained using mebendazole. Sixty male BALB/c mice, aged six to eight weeks-old, were divided into groups of 10 each; fifty were orally infected with 300 larvaed eggs of T. canisand grouped as follows, G I: infected untreated mice; G II: infected mice treated with MBZ (15 mg/kg/day) 10 days postinfection (dpi); G III: infected mice treated with NTZ (20 mg/kg/day) 10 dpi; G IV: infected mice treated with MBZ 60 dpi; G V: infected mice treated with NTZ 60 dpi; GVI: control group comprising uninfected mice. Mice were bled via retro-orbital plexus on four occasions between 30 and 120 dpi. Sera were processed using the ELISA technique to detect IgG anti- Toxocaraantibodies. At 120 dpi, mice were sacrificed for larval recovery in the CNS, liver, lungs, kidneys, eyes and carcass. Results showed similar levels of anti- ToxocaraIgG antibodies among mice infected but not submitted to treatment and groups treated with MBZ or NTZ, 10 and 60 dpi. Larval recovery showed similar values in groups treated with NTZ and MBZ 10 dpi. MBZ showed better efficacy 60 dpi, with a 72.6% reduction in the parasite load compared with NTZ, which showed only 46.5% reduction. We conclude that administration of these anthelmintics did not modify the humoral response in experimental infection by T. canis. No parasitological cure was observed with either drug; however, a greater reduction in parasite load was achieved following treatment with MBZ.

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Protective Effect of Vaccination with a Combination of Recombinant Surface Antigen 1 and Interleukin-12 against Toxoplasmosis in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.66.9.4503-4506.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 4503-4506 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Valerie Letscher-Bru ◽

Odile Villard ◽

Bernhard Risse ◽

Michael Zauke ◽

Jean-Paul Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

The Brain

ABSTRACT We studied the immune response induced in mice by recombinantToxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (rSAG1) protein, alone or combined with interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant, and the protective effect against toxoplasmosis. Immunization with rSAG1 alone induced a specific humoral type 2 immunity and did not protect the animals from infection. In contrast, immunization with rSAG1 plus IL-12 redirected humoral and cellular immunity toward a type 1 pattern and reduced the brain parasite load by 40%.

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Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181101111819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (36) ◽

pp. 6519-6543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriana Egui ◽

Paola Lasso ◽

Elena Pérez-Antón ◽

M. Carmen Thomas ◽

Manuel Carlos López

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

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Temporary restoration of immune response against Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-infected individuals after HAART, as studied in the hu-PBMC-SCID mouse model

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01941.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. ALFONZO ◽

D. BLANC ◽

C. TROADEC ◽

M. HUERRE ◽

M. ELIASZEWICZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Scid Mouse ◽

Scid Mouse Model

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PP-174 Comparison of Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens from cell and cell free media in induction of humoral immune response

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60325-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. S94

Author(s):

A. Daryani ◽

H. Kalani ◽

M. Sharif ◽

A. Rafiei

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Free Media ◽

Secreted Antigens

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Resveratrol-mediated reversal of changes in purinergic signaling and immune response induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection of neural progenitor cells

Purinergic Signalling ◽

10.1007/s11302-018-9634-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nathieli B. Bottari ◽

Micheli M. Pillat ◽

Maria R.C. Schetinger ◽

Karine P. Reichert ◽

Vanessa Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Neural Progenitor Cells ◽

Purinergic Signaling ◽

Neural Progenitor ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Analysis of Structures and Epitopes of Surface Antigen Glycoproteins Expressed in Bradyzoites ofToxoplasma gondii

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/165342 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hua Cong ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Qingli Zhang ◽

Jing Gong ◽

Haizi Cong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Protein Sequence ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

3D Models ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Homologous Proteins ◽

Protein Sequence Alignment

Toxoplasma gondiiis a protozoan parasite capable of infecting humans and animals. Surface antigen glycoproteins, SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y, are expressed on the surface of bradyzoites. These antigens have been shown to protect bradyzoites against immune responses during chronic infections. We studied structures of SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y proteins using bioinformatics methods. The protein sequence alignment was performed by T-Coffee method. Secondary structural and functional domains were predicted using software PSIPRED v3.0 and SMART software, and 3D models of proteins were constructed and compared using the I-TASSER server, VMD, and SWISS-spdbv. Our results showed that SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y are highly homologous proteins. They share the same conserved peptides and HLA-I restricted epitopes. The similarity in structure and domains indicated putative common functions that might stimulate similar immune response in hosts. The conserved peptides and HLA-restricted epitopes could provide important insights on vaccine study and the diagnosis of this disease.

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