Prefrontal inositol levels and implicit decision-making in healthy individuals and depressed patients

Abstract Objectives Most data on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) originate from subjects <65 years old, complicating decision-making in elderly living kidney donors. In this retrospective multi-center study, we calculated percentiles of measured GFR (mGFR) in donors <65 years old and extrapolated these to donors ≥65 years old. Methods mGFR percentiles were calculated from a development cohort of French/Belgian living kidney donors <65 years (n=1,983), using quantiles modeled as cubic splines (two linear parts joining at 40 years). Percentiles were extrapolated and validated in an internal cohort of donors ≥65 years (n=147, France) and external cohort of donors and healthy subjects ≥65 years (n=329, Germany, Sweden, Norway, France, The Netherlands) by calculating percentages within the extrapolated 5th–95th percentile (P5–P95). Results Individuals in the development cohort had a higher mGFR (99.9 ± 16.4 vs. 86.4 ± 14 and 82.7 ± 15.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to the individuals in the validation cohorts. In the internal validation cohort, none (0%) had mGFR below the extrapolated P5, 12 (8.2%) above P95 and 135 (91.8%) between P5–P95. In the external validation cohort, five subjects had mGFR below the extrapolated P5 (1.5%), 25 above P95 (7.6%) and 299 (90.9%) between P5–P95. Conclusions We demonstrate that extrapolation of mGFR from younger donors is possible and might aid with decision-making in elderly donors.

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Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Interleukin in Vitro: Relevance for Major Depression and Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1093/ijnp/pyaa055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 738-750

Author(s):

Alessandra Borsini ◽

Maria Grazia Di Benedetto ◽

Juliette Giacobbe ◽

Carmine M Pariante

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Inhibitory Factor ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Very High

Abstract Background Although the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)6 has been generally regarded as “depressogenic,” recent research has started to question this assumption in light of the fact that this cytokine can also have anti-inflammatory properties. This bimodal action seems to be dependent on its concentration levels and on the concomitant presence of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods We exposed a human hippocampal progenitor cell line, HPC0A07/03C, to cytokine levels described in depressed patients (IL6 5 pg/mL with IL1β 10 pg/mL or Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (300 pg/mL) in healthy individuals (IL6 with IL1β, 1 pg/mL or Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 10 pg/mL), as well as to the potentially anti-inflammatory, much higher concentrations of IL6 (50 000 pg/mL). Results Treatment with high concentrations of IL6 with IL1β or Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (resembling depressed patients) decreases neurogenesis compared with low concentrations of the same cytokines (healthy individuals) and that this is mediated via production of, respectively, IL8 and IL1β in cell supernatant. Instead, treatment with very high, anti-inflammatory concentration of IL6 (50 000 pg/mL) together with high IL1β or Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor prevents decrease in neurogenesis and reduces both IL8 and IL1β. When high concentrations of both IL1β and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor were used in co-treatment, as a model of treatment-resistant depression, we also demonstrated a reduction in neurogenesis and that this is mediated via a decrease in IL4; moreover, co-treatment with high IL1β and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and the very high concentration of IL6 prevented the reduction in neurogenesis and increased IL4. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that IL6 can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory (potentially antidepressant) properties, depending on its concentrations and combinations with other inflammatory cytokines.

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The decision-making levels of urine tetrasaccharide for the diagnosis of Pompe disease in the Turkish population

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0393 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 391-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erhan Canbay ◽

Melisa Vural ◽

Sema Kalkan Uçar ◽

Ebru Demirel Sezer ◽

Hatice Karasoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Pompe Disease ◽

High Performance ◽

Late Onset ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Age Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

First Year Of Life

AbstractBackgroundRecently, urinary excretion of the tetrasaccharide 6-α-D-glucopyranosyl-maltotriose (Glc4) has been proposed as a marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Pompe disease (PD). We aimed to determine the reference intervals and reliable decision-making levels of urine tetrasaccharide concentrations for the diagnosis of infantile- and late-onset Pompe patients in the Turkish population.MethodsIn this study, nine patients with PD (five of them with late-onset PD [LOPD]) and 226 healthy individuals (aged 0–64 years) were included. Urine Glc4 concentrations were determined using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method.ResultsOur data showed that the urine tetrasaccharide levels decreased with age in healthy individuals (p < 0.001, r = −0.256). It was higher especially during the first year of life compared to that in the elder subjects. The tetrasaccharide level of Pompe patients was higher compared to that of healthy controls of the same age: 99 ± 68 mmol/mol creatinine for infantile onset vs. 4.0 ± 3.0 mmol/mol creatinine for healthy controls of the same age group and 12.1 ± 17.4 mmol/mol creatinine for late onset vs. 1.7±1.2 mmol/mol creatinine for healthy controls of the same age group.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the reference intervals of tetrasaccharide in urine changed over time; therefore, it is critically important to define age-based decision levels for the diagnosis of LOPD.

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No Evidence for the Association between a Polymorphism in the PCLO Depression Candidate Gene with Memory Bias in Remitted Depressed Patients and Healthy Individuals

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0112153 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e112153

Author(s):

Janna N. Vrijsen ◽

Anne Speckens ◽

Alejandro Arias-Vásquez ◽

Barbara Franke ◽

Eni S. Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Gene ◽

Memory Bias ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

With Memory

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Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4426

Author(s):

Giulia Testa ◽

Bernat Mora-Maltas ◽

Lucía Camacho-Barcia ◽

Roser Granero ◽

Ignacio Lucas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Harm Avoidance ◽

Cognitive Profile ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Compulsive Behaviors

Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa). Decision making and novelty seeking were used to measure impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility and harm avoidance were used for compulsivity. For impulsivity, patients with obesity and T2D showed poorer decision-making ability compared with healthy individuals. For compulsivity, individuals with only obesity presented less cognitive flexibility and high harm avoidance; these dimensions were not associated with obesity with T2D. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with diabetes and its association with impulsive–compulsive behaviors, confirming the hypothesis that patients with obesity and T2D would be characterized by higher levels of impulsivity.

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P.035 Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor and NMDA receptor stimulation on stress hormone secretion in depressed patients and healthy individuals

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S45-S46

Author(s):

J. Nowacki ◽

W.R. Chae ◽

M. Kaczmarczyk ◽

K. Wingenfeld ◽

C. Otte

Keyword(s):

Nmda Receptor ◽

Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Stress Hormone ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Receptor Stimulation ◽

Depressed Patients

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Social-economical decision making in current and remitted major depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002414 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1301-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E. Pulcu ◽

E. J. Thomas ◽

P. D. Trotter ◽

M. McFarquhar ◽

G. Juhasz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ultimatum Game ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Charitable Donation ◽

Social Decision ◽

Personal Cost ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Full Remission ◽

Social Decision Making ◽

The Impact

Background.Prosocial emotions related to self-blame are important in guiding human altruistic decisions. These emotions are elevated in major depressive disorder (MDD), such that MDD has been associated with guilt-driven pathological hyper-altruism. However, the impact of such emotional impairments in MDD on different types of social decision-making is unknown.Method.In order to address this issue, we investigated different kinds of altruistic behaviour (interpersonal cooperation and fund allocation, altruistic punishment and charitable donation) in 33 healthy subjects, 35 patients in full remission (unmedicated) and 24 currently depressed patients (11 on medication) using behavioural-economical paradigms.Results.We show a significant main effect of clinical status on altruistic decisions (p = 0.04) and a significant interaction between clinical status and type of altruistic decisions (p = 0.03). More specifically, symptomatic patients defected significantly more in the Prisoner's Dilemma game (p < 0.05) and made significantly lower charitable donations, whether or not these incurred a personal cost (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Currently depressed patients also reported significantly higher guilt elicited by receiving unfair financial offers in the Ultimatum Game (p < 0.05).Conclusions.Currently depressed individuals were less altruistic in both a charitable donation and an interpersonal cooperation task. Taken together, our results challenge the guilt-driven pathological hyper-altruism hypothesis in depression. There were also differences in both current and remitted patients in the relationship between altruistic behaviour and pathological self-blaming, suggesting an important role for these emotions in moral and social decision-making abnormalities in depression.

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Perceived Depriving Parental Rearing and Depression

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.148.2.170 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 148 (2) ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Carlo Perris ◽

W. A. Arrindell ◽

Hjördis Perris ◽

Martin Eisemann ◽

J. van der Ende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Reactive Depression ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Parental Rearing ◽

Psychological Risk

Four groups of depressed patients 47 unipolars, 21 bipolars, 34 with neurotic-reactive depression, and 39 with unspecified depressive disorder completed, after recovery, the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. The results for three factors: “rejection”, “emotional warmth” and “over-protection” and the global judgement scores of “severity” and “consistency” in rearing attitudes were compared with those obtained from 205 healthy individuals. Depressed patients, particularly in the unipolar unspecified groups rated both parents lower than the controls on emotional warmth. Patients tended also to rate their parents as less consistent in their rearing attitudes. The variables emotional warmth and overprotection allowed 64% of the patients and 72 of the unipolar depressives to be classified correctly. These results, like those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that deprivation of love during childhood represents an important psychological risk factor in the background of depressive disorders.

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