scholarly journals Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4426
Author(s):  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Bernat Mora-Maltas ◽  
Lucía Camacho-Barcia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Ignacio Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa). Decision making and novelty seeking were used to measure impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility and harm avoidance were used for compulsivity. For impulsivity, patients with obesity and T2D showed poorer decision-making ability compared with healthy individuals. For compulsivity, individuals with only obesity presented less cognitive flexibility and high harm avoidance; these dimensions were not associated with obesity with T2D. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with diabetes and its association with impulsive–compulsive behaviors, confirming the hypothesis that patients with obesity and T2D would be characterized by higher levels of impulsivity.

scholarly journals Temperament and Personality Traits in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khoshkhui ◽  
Maedeh Kamrani ◽  
Maryam Emadzadeh ◽  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Farhad Faridhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background: Considering the psychobiological aspects of various dermatological diseases and the role of personality traits in the development of chronic skin diseases, the present study aimed to assess the personality traits of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria compared to healthy individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted during 2016 - 2018, 100 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria were selected using the convenience sampling method. Moreover, 100 healthy participants were selected as the control group. Research instruments were Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and a demographic checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi-square test using SPSS Software version 23. Results: The patients had higher scores in novelty-seeking (P = 0.041) and harm avoidance (P = 0.015), while the healthy individuals had higher scores in self-directedness (P = 0.003) and cooperativeness (P = 0.001). Moreover, male patients had higher scores in novelty-seeking (P = 0.006) and rewarded dependence (P = 0.013); however, female patients had higher scores in self-transcendence (P = 0.001) and cooperativeness (P = 0.019). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the disease duration of with reward dependence, self-directedness, and self-transcendence. Conclusions: Personality traits seem to be associated with chronic spontaneous urticaria. In this regard, patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria had higher scores in novelty-seeking and harm avoidance and lower scores in self-directedness and cooperativeness than healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Temperament and Character Traits of Female Eating Disorder Patients with(out) Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Buelens ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Margaux Verschueren ◽  
Katrien Schoevaerts ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
High Prevalence

Eating disorder (ED) patients show alarmingly high prevalence rates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Adolescents seem to be particularly at risk, as EDs and NSSI both have their onset in mid-adolescence. It has been suggested that personality could be a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying both EDs and NSSI. However, little attention has been given to adolescent clinical samples compared to adult and/or community samples. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of personality in a sample of 189 female inpatients with an ED (M = 15.93, SD = 0.98). Our results confirmed the high prevalence of NSSI in EDs, specifically in patients with bingeing/purging behaviours (ED-BP). Temperamental differences were found between ED-BP and the restrictive ED subtype (ED-R). Namely, ED-BP patients showed more harm avoidance and less self-directedness compared to ED-R. Temperamental differences were found in NSSI as well, regardless of ED subtype: ED patients who had engaged in NSSI during their lifetime reported less self-directedness and more harm avoidance. Interestingly, only ED patients who recently engaged in NSSI showed less novelty seeking. These temperamental profiles should be recognised as key mechanisms in the treatment of adolescent ED patients with and without NSSI.

scholarly journals What drive information-seeking in healthy and addicted behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cogliati Dezza ◽  
Xavier Noel ◽  
Axel Cleeremans ◽  
Angela J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
General Information ◽  
Behavioral Addiction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
General Desire

ABSTRACTInformation-seeking is an important aspect of human cognition. Despite its adaptive role, we have rather limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie information-seeking in healthy individuals and in psychopathological populations. Here, we investigate human information-seeking behaviors in healthy individuals and in behavioral addiction by using a novel decision-making task and a novel reinforcement learning model. We compare how healthy humans and addicted individuals differ in the way they trade off a general desire to reduce uncertainty (general information-seeking) and a desire for novelty (novelty-seeking) when searching for knowledge in the environment. Our results indicate that healthy humans and addicted individuals adopt distinct information-seeking modes. Healthy information-seeking behavior was mostly driven by novelty. Addicted individuals’ information-seeking was instead driven by both novelty and general information, with reduced novelty-seeking and increased general information-seeking compared to healthy controls. There are three important implications for our findings: (1) Enhanced novelty-seeking behaviors might be a predictor of wellbeing, (2) behavioral addiction may be marked by a reduction of novelty-seeking and an increase in general information-seeking, (3) the altered information-seeking pattern in addicted individuals may be a compensatory strategy that help them to cope with decision making under uncertainty. By showing healthy humans and addicted individuals adopt distinct information-seeking modes, this study not only sheds light on alterations in decision-making behavior in addiction, but also highlights the likely functional and biological dissociation of novelty-seeking and general information-seeking in the human brain.

Clinical Features and Hepatic Molecular Characteristics in NAFLD and NASH Patients Compared to Normal Weight Healthy Individuals

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 260-LB
Author(s):  
MALTE P. SUPPLI ◽  
KRISTOFFER RIGBOLT ◽  
SANNE VEIDAL ◽  
SARA HEEBØLL ◽  
MIA DEMANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Individuals

1552-P: Machine Learning Approach to Decision-Making for Initial Insulin Use in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1552-P
Author(s):  
KAZUYA FUJIHARA ◽  
MAYUKO H. YAMADA ◽  
YASUHIRO MATSUBAYASHI ◽  
MASAHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO IIZUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Insulin Use

scholarly journals Attenuation of COVID-19-induced cytokine storm in a young male patient with severe respiratory and neurological symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Muschitz ◽  
Anita Trummert ◽  
Theresa Berent ◽  
Norbert Laimer ◽  
Lukas Knoblich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produces protean manifestations and causes indiscriminate havoc in multiple organ systems. This rapid and vast production of proinflammatory cytokines contributes to a condition termed cytokine storm. A 35-year-old, otherwise healthy, employed, male patient was tested positive for COVID-19. He was admitted to the hospital on disease day 10 due to retarded verbal reactions and progressive delirium. On account of these conditions and the need for noninvasive/invasive ventilation, a combination treatment with baricitinib and remdesivir in conjunction with standard of care was initiated. The cytokine storm was rapidly blocked, leading to a vast pulmonary recovery with retarded recovery of the central nervous system. We conclude that the rapid blockade of the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm should be considered of avail as a principle of careful decision-making for effective recovery.

scholarly journals Shared decision making and patient-centeredness for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care—results of the cluster-randomised controlled DEBATE trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wollny ◽  
Christin Löffler ◽  
Eva Drewelow ◽  
Attila Altiner ◽  
Christian Helbig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centeredness

Abstract Background We investigate whether an educational intervention of GPs increases patient-centeredness and perceived shared decision making in the treatment of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus? Methods We performed a cluster-randomized controlled trial in German primary care. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus defined as HbA1c levels ≥ 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) at the time of recruitment (n = 833) from general practitioners (n = 108) were included. Outcome measures included subjective shared decision making (SDM-Q-9; scale from 0 to 45 (high)) and patient-centeredness (PACIC-D; scale from 1 to 5 (high)) as secondary outcomes. Data collection was performed before intervention (baseline, T0), at 6 months (T1), at 12 months (T2), at 18 months (T3), and at 24 months (T4) after baseline. Results Subjective shared decision making decreased in both groups during the course of the study (intervention group: -3.17 between T0 and T4 (95% CI: -4.66, -1.69; p < 0.0001) control group: -2.80 (95% CI: -4.30, -1.30; p = 0.0003)). There were no significant differences between the two groups (-0.37; 95% CI: -2.20, 1.45; p = 0.6847). The intervention's impact on patient-centeredness was minor. Values increased in both groups, but the increase was not statistically significant, nor was the difference between the groups. Conclusions The intervention did not increase patient perceived subjective shared decision making and patient-centeredness in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Effects in both groups might be partially attributed to the Hawthorne-effect. Future trials should focus on patient-based intervention elements to investigate effects on shared decision making and patient-centeredness. Trial registration The trial was registered on March 10th, 2011 at ISRCTN registry under the reference ISRCTN70713571.

Representing a probabilistic linguistic term set with an interval type-2 fuzzy set and the application in green supplier selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Le Jiang ◽  
Hongbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Symbolic Model ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
Linguistic Term ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Decision Making Model

The use of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) means the process of computing with words. The existing methods computing with PLTSs mainly use symbolic model. To provide a semantic model for computing with PLTSs, we propose to represent a PLTS by using an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS). The key step is to compute the footprint of uncertainty of the IT2FS. To this aim, the upper membership function is computed by aggregating the membership functions of the linguistic terms contained in the PLTS, and the lower membership function is obtained by moving the upper membership function downward with the step being total entropy of the PLTS. The comparison rules, some operations, and an aggregation operator for PLTSs are introduced. Based on the proposed method of computing with PLTSs, a multi-criteria group decision making model is introduced. The proposed decision making model is then applied in green supplier selection problem to show its feasibility.

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