P.0843 Pre-gestational stress and antidepressant mirtazapine treatment affect synaptophysin expression of rat offspring in a sex-dependent manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S616-S617
Author(s):  
M. Viñas ◽  
K. Belovičová ◽  
M. Dubovický
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Gestational Stress

scholarly journals Effect of pre-gestational stress and prenatal venlafaxine administration on cardiovascular system of rat offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sasváriová ◽  
B. Tyukos-Kaprinay ◽  
L. Salvaras ◽  
K. Belovičová ◽  
E. Bögi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Gestational Stress ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake

Abstract A number of pregnant women all over the world suffer from depression and are treated during gestation with antidepressants, mostly with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Exposure to prenatal stress is also a great risk factor for a developing fetus and could be responsible for altered fetal development or various neurobehavioral disturbances of a child. Administration of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine is associated with various cardiovascular adverse effects, such as tachycardia, increased blood pressure, arrhythmias and hypertensive crisis. The aim of this study was to focus on the effect of pre-gestational chronic mild unpredictable stress and/or administration of antidepressant venlafaxine (10 mg/kg/day, p. o.) on specific parameters, determining the function of the cardiovascular system of male and female rat offspring. Blood pressure and standard ECG were recorded in the offspring. Exposure to pre-gestational stress did not cause significant changes in the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse frequency either in males or in females, compared to the unexposed control animals. Pre-gestational stress caused the shortening of QT interval and prolongation of QRS complex duration in males. On the other hand, in females, the effects of pre-gestational stress were potentiated by the administration of venlafaxine and resulted in elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, prolonged QT interval and shortened QRS complex duration, compared to the control. In conclusion, the female rat offspring are more sensitive to exposure to pre-gestational, to chronic mild unpredictable stress and venlafaxine.

Maternal obesity (MO) programs morphological changes in aged rat offspring small intestine in a sex dependent manner: Effects of maternal resveratrol supplementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 111511
Author(s):  
Diana C. Castro-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis A. Reyes-Castro ◽  
Lilia Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Nozomi Itani ◽  
Peter W. Nathanielsz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aged Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

scholarly journals Maternal obesity accelerates rat offspring metabolic ageing in a sex‐dependent manner

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (23) ◽  
pp. 5549-5563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe L. Rodríguez‐González ◽  
Luis A. Reyes‐Castro ◽  
Claudia J. Bautista ◽  
Azucena A. Beltrán ◽  
Carlos A. Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rat Offspring

Gestational stress induced differential expression of HDAC2 in male rat offspring hippocampus during development

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libin Liao ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Xueping Yao ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Lihong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Gestational Stress

Immunogold labeling of the calcium binding protein synexin in isolated adrenal chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 952-953
Author(s):  
Gemma A.J. Kuijpers ◽  
Harvey B. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chromaffin Granules ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Exocytotic fusion of granules in the adrenal medulla chromaffin cell is triggered by a rise in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ upon cell activation. The protein synexin, annexin VII, was originally found in the adrenal medulla and has been shown to cause aggregation and to support fusion of chromaffin granules in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We have previously suggested that synexin may there fore play a role in the exocytotic fusion process. In order to obtain more structural information on synexin, we performed immuno-electron microscopy on frozen ultrathin sections of both isolated chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells.Chromaffin granules were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla, and synexin was isolated from bovine lung. Granules were incubated in the presence or absence of synexin (24 μg per mg granule protein) and Ca2+ (1 mM), which induces maximal granule aggregation, in 0.3M sucrose-40m MMES buffer(pH 6.0). Granules were pelleted, washed twice in buffer without synexin and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde- 2% para formaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (GA/PFA) for 30 min. Chromaffin cells were isolated and cultured for 3-5 days, and washed and incubated in Krebs solution with or without 20 uM nicotine. Cells were fixed 90 sec after on set of stimulation with GA/PFA for 30 min. Fixed granule or cell pellets were washed, infiltrated with 2.3 M sucrose in PBS, mounted and frozen in liquid N2.

Spindle scaling mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Lara K. Krüger ◽  
Phong T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Spindle Elongation ◽  
Protein Gradients ◽  
Spindle Structure

Abstract The mitotic spindle robustly scales with cell size in a plethora of different organisms. During development and throughout evolution, the spindle adjusts to cell size in metazoans and yeast in order to ensure faithful chromosome separation. Spindle adjustment to cell size occurs by the scaling of spindle length, spindle shape and the velocity of spindle assembly and elongation. Different mechanisms, depending on spindle structure and organism, account for these scaling relationships. The limited availability of critical spindle components, protein gradients, sequestration of spindle components, or post-translational modification and differential expression levels have been implicated in the regulation of spindle length and the spindle assembly/elongation velocity in a cell size-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon and mechanisms of spindle length, spindle shape and spindle elongation velocity scaling with cell size.

The Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Sesamin are Mediated via Improved Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux Through PPARγ1-LXRα and MAPK Signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin F. Majdalawieh ◽  
Hyo-Sung Ro
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

Background: Foam cell formation resulting from disrupted macrophage cholesterol efflux, which is triggered by PPARγ1 and LXRα, is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Sesamin and sesame oil exert anti-atherogenic effects in vivo. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Aim: This study examines the potential effects of sesamin (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity as well as macrophage cholesterol efflux. Methods: PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity are assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Macrophage cholesterol efflux is evaluated by ApoAI-specific cholesterol efflux assays. Results: The 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin up-regulated the expression of PPARγ1 (p< 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and LXRα (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 75 μM and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin led to 5.2-fold (p < 0.001) and 6.0-fold (p<0.001) increases in PPAR transcriptional activity and 3.9-fold (p< 0.001) and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increases in LXR transcriptional activity, respectively, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via MAPK signaling. Consistently, 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin improved macrophage cholesterol efflux by 2.7-fold (p < 0.001), 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), respectively, via MAPK signaling. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sesamin’s anti-atherogenic effects, which seem to be due, at least in part, to its ability to up-regulate PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity, improving macrophage cholesterol efflux. We anticipate that sesamin may be used as a therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document