Weak polyanion and strong polycation complex based membranes: Linking aqueous phase separation to traditional membrane fabrication

Treatment of kidney microvillar membranes with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 at 0 degrees C, followed by low-speed centrifugation, generated a detergent-insoluble pellet and a detergent-soluble supernatant. The supernatant was further fractionated by phase separation at 30 degrees C into a detergent-rich phase and a detergent-depleted or aqueous phase. Those ectoenzymes with a covalently attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (G-PI) membrane anchor were recovered predominantly (greater than 73%) in the detergent-insoluble pellet. In contrast, those ectoenzymes anchored by a single membrane-spanning polypeptide were recovered predominantly (greater than 62%) in the detergent-rich phase. Removal of the hydrophobic membrane-anchoring domain from either class of ectoenzyme resulted in the proteins being recovered predominantly (greater than 70%) in the aqueous phase. This technique was also applied to other membrane types, including pig and human erythrocyte ghosts, where, in both cases, the G-PI-anchored acetylcholinesterase partitioned predominantly (greater than 69%) into the detergent-insoluble pellet. When the microvillar membranes were subjected only to differential solubilization with Triton X-114 at 0 degrees C, the G-PI-anchored ectoenzymes were recovered predominantly (greater than 63%) in the detergent-insoluble pellet, whereas the transmembrane-polypeptide-anchored ectoenzymes were recovered predominantly (greater than 95%) in the detergent-solubilized supernatant. Thus differential solubilization and temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114 distinguished between G-PI-anchored membrane proteins, transmembrane-polypeptide-anchored proteins and soluble, hydrophilic proteins. This technique may be more useful and reliable than susceptibility to release by phospholipases as a means of identifying a G-PI anchor on an unpurified membrane protein.

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The hyaluronate synthase from a eukaryotic cell line

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2900791 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 290 (3) ◽

pp. 791-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

L Klewes ◽

E A Turley ◽

P Prehm

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Affinity Chromatography ◽

Cell Line ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

Molecular Masses ◽

Triton X ◽

Hyaluronate Synthase

The hyaluronate synthase complex was identified in plasma membranes from B6 cells. It contained two subunits of molecular masses 52 kDa and 60 kDa which bound the precursor UDP-GlcA in digitonin solution and partitioned into the aqueous phase, together with nascent hyaluronate upon Triton X-114 phase separation. The 52 kDa protein cross-reacted with poly- and monoclonal antibodies raised against the streptococcal hyaluronate synthase and the 60 kDa protein was recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against a hyaluronate receptor. The 52 kDa protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography with monoclonal anti-hyaluronate synthase.

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Aqueous Phase Separation: a novel and sustainable approach for membrane preparation

10.3990/1.9789036552103 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wouter Nielen

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Membrane Preparation

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Aqueous phase separation: A basic physicochemical phenomenon with a potential role in the evolution and organization of the liquid phase of cytoplasm

Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres ◽

10.1007/bf02459861 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (3-5) ◽

pp. 448-449

Author(s):

Harry Walter ◽

Donald E. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Potential Role ◽

Physicochemical Phenomenon

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Powerful Concentration of Rhodium in Plating Wastewater Using Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) and Study for Scale-up

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v7n4p44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takeshi Kato ◽

Shotaro Saito ◽

Shigekatsu Oshite ◽

Shukuro Igarashi

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Scale Up ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Homogeneous Liquid ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Plating Wastewater

A powerful technique for the concentration of rhodium (Rh) in plating wastewater was developed. The technique entails complexing Rh with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) followed by homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HoLLE) with Zonyl FSA. The optimum HoLLE conditions were determined as follows: [ethanol]T = 30.0 vol.%, pH = 4.00, and Rh:PAN = 1:5. Under these optimum conditions, 88.1% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, the volume ratio [aqueous phase (Va) /sedimented liquid phase (Vs)] of Va and Vs was 1000 (50 mL → 0.050 mL). We then applied the new method to wastewater generated by the plating industry. The phase separation was satisfactorily achieved when the volume was scaled up to 1000 mL of the actual wastewater; 84.7% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, Va/Vs was 588 (1000 mL - 1.70 mL).

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Aqueous Phase Separation Behavior of Highly Syndiotactic, High Molecular Weight Polymers with Densely Packed Hydroxy-Containing Side Groups

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (18) ◽

pp. 7248-7256 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dorette S. Tromp ◽

Marianne Lankelma ◽

Hannah de Valk ◽

Emile de Josselin de Jong ◽

Bas de Bruin

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Phase Separation ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

High Molecular Weight Polymers ◽

Phase Separation Behavior ◽

Separation Behavior

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Rapid Multilevel Compartmentalization of Stable All-Aqueous Blastosomes by Interfacial Aqueous-Phase Separation

ACS Nano ◽

10.1021/acsnano.0c02923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 11215-11224

Author(s):

Shipei Zhu ◽

Joe Forth ◽

Ganhua Xie ◽

Youchuang Chao ◽

Jingxuan Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Aqueous Phase

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A Review on Porous Polymeric Membrane Preparation. Part I: Production Techniques with Polysulfone and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11071160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

XueMei Tan ◽

Denis Rodrigue

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Solvent System ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Membrane Preparation ◽

Polymeric Membrane ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Membrane Fabrication ◽

Core Technology ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

Porous polymeric membranes have emerged as the core technology in the field of separation. But some challenges remain for several methods used for membrane fabrication, suggesting the need for a critical review of the literature. We present here an overview on porous polymeric membrane preparation and characterization for two commonly used polymers: polysulfone and poly (vinylidene fluoride). Five different methods for membrane fabrication are introduced: non-solvent induced phase separation, vapor-induced phase separation, electrospinning, track etching and sintering. The key factors of each method are discussed, including the solvent and non-solvent system type and composition, the polymer solution composition and concentration, the processing parameters, and the ambient conditions. To evaluate these methods, a brief description on membrane characterization is given related to morphology and performance. One objective of this review is to present the basics for selecting an appropriate method and membrane fabrication systems with appropriate processing conditions to produce membranes with the desired morphology, performance and stability, as well as to select the best methods to determine these properties.

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Durability and Recoverability of Soft Lithographically Patterned Hydrogel Molds for the Formation of Phase Separation Membranes

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11010108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Asad Asad ◽

Masoud Rastgar ◽

Hadi Nazaripoor ◽

Mohtada Sadrzadeh ◽

Dan Sameoto

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Porous Membranes ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Separation Membranes ◽

Membrane Fabrication ◽

Phase Separation Process ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Recovery Result

Hydrogel-facilitated phase separation (HFPS) has recently been applied to make microstructured porous membranes by modified phase separation processes. In HFPS, a soft lithographically patterned hydrogel mold is used as a water content source that initiates the phase separation process in membrane fabrication. However, after each membrane casting, the hydrogel content changes due to the diffusion of organic solvent into the hydrogel from the original membrane solution. The absorption of solvent into the hydrogel mold limits the continuous use of the mold in repeated membrane casts. In this study, we investigated a simple treatment process for hydrogel mold recovery, consisting of warm and cold treatment steps to provide solvent extraction without changing the hydrogel mold integrity. The best recovery result was 96%, which was obtained by placing the hydrogel in a warm water bath (50 °C) for 10 min followed by immersing in a cold bath (23 °C) for 4 min and finally 4 min drying in air. This recovery was attributed to nearly complete solvent extraction without any deformation of the hydrogel structure. The reusability of hydrogel can assist in the development of a continuous membrane fabrication process using HFPS.

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