A case-comparison study of executive functions in alcohol-dependent adults with maternal history of alcoholism

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Cottencin ◽  
Jean-Louis Nandrino ◽  
Laurent Karila ◽  
Caroline Mezerette ◽  
Thierry Danel
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractIntroductionAs executive dysfunctions frequently accompany alcohol dependence, we suggest that reports of executive dysfunction in alcoholics are actually due, in some case to a maternal history of alcohol misuse (MHA+). A history of maternal alcohol dependence increases the risk for prenatal alcohol exposure to unborn children. These exposures likely contribute to executive dysfunction in adult alcoholics. To assess this problem, we propose a case-comparison study of alcohol-dependent subjects with and without a MHA.MethodsTen alcohol-dependent subjects, with a maternal history of alcoholism (MHA) and paternal history of alcoholism (PHA), were matched with 10 alcohol-dependent people with only a paternal history of alcoholism (PHA). Executive functions (cancellation, Stroop, and trail-making A and B tests) and the presence of a history of three mental disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, violent behavior while intoxicated, and suicidal behavior) were evaluated in both populations.ResultsAlcohol-dependent subjects with MHA showed a significant alteration in executive functions and significantly more disorders related to these functions than PHA subjects. The major measures of executive functioning deficit are duration on task accomplishment in all tests. Rates of ADHD and suicidality were found to be higher in MHA patients compared to the controls.ConclusionA history of MHA, because of the high risk of PAE (in spite of the potential confounding factors such as environment) must be scrupulously documented when evaluating mental and cognitive disorders in a general population of alcoholics to ensure a better identification of these disorders. It would be helpful to replicate the study with more subjects.

scholarly journals Alcohol dependence potentiates substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor signaling in the rat central nucleus of amygdala

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. eaaz1050
Author(s):  
S. Khom ◽  
T. Steinkellner ◽  
T. S. Hnasko ◽  
M. Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
Gaba Transmission ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Behavioral and clinical studies suggest a critical role of substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) signaling in alcohol dependence. Here, we examined regulation of GABA transmission in the medial subdivision of the central amygdala (CeM) by the SP/NK-1R system, and its neuroadaptation following chronic alcohol exposure. In naïve rats, SP increased action potential–dependent GABA release, and the selective NK-1R antagonist L822429 decreased it, demonstrating SP regulation of CeM activity under basal conditions. SP induced a larger GABA release in alcohol-dependent rats accompanied by decreased NK-1R expression compared to naïve controls, suggesting NK-1R hypersensitivity which persisted during protracted alcohol withdrawal. The NK-1R antagonist blocked acute alcohol-induced GABA release in alcohol-dependent and withdrawn but not in naïve rats, indicating that dependence engages the SP/NK-1R system to mediate acute effects of alcohol. Collectively, we report long-lasting CeA NK-1R hypersensitivity corroborating that NK-1Rs are promising targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

scholarly journals A Seizure Attributed to Ofloxacine in a Woman Undergoing Detoxification for Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lahmek ◽  
Laurent Michel ◽  
Nadine Meunier ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Oral Ofloxacin ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objective. To report one case of seizure following administration of ofloxacin.Case Summary. A 38-year-old woman with alcohol dependence but no prior history of seizure disorder admitted in our inpatient alcohol detoxification program was prescribed ofloxacin four days after admission for a lower urinary tract infection. She was currently prescribed diazepam 30 mg per day. This treatment was continued without modification following admission. Forty eight hours after starting ofloxacin and after receiving five doses of oral ofloxacin, the patient experienced a seizure. Ofloxacin treatment was stopped and no further seizures occurred. Neurological examination of the patient, laboratory tests, computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and electroencephalography did not detect any abnormalities. Up to the last consultation, six months after admission, the patient has reported no recurrence of the seizure.Discussion. Quinolone antibiotics vary in their ability to induce seizures, with ofloxacin having one of the least potentials. In the present case, the seizure could be attributed in all probability to taking ofloxacin; since she had no previous history of seizures, she did not present an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine treatment was not modified, the seizure occurred 48 h after taking ofloxacin, but seven days after stopping drinking, no alternative aetiologies for the seizure could be identified and no seizure recurrence was reported over the following seven months. Of reported cases of seizures in patients treated with fluoroquinolones, none concerned patients with alcohol dependence or patients treated with benzodiazepines.Conclusions. The present case alerts us to the possibility that seizures may occur in alcohol dependent patients treated with benzodiazepines who concomitantly prescribed a fluoroquinolone. These widely-used antibiotics should thus be prescribed with caution to patients undergoing detoxification for alcohol dependence, particularly if they are also taking benzodiazepines, irrespective of whether they have a previous history of seizures or not.

scholarly journals A retrospective assessment of parental attitudes in alcohol dependent and non-dependent groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Ewa Wojtynkiewicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disorder Identification ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Aim: The aim of the studies was to verify whether an alcohol-dependent group differs in terms of retrospectively assessed parental attitudes from a non-dependent group (study 1) as well as whether there are differences between individuals with alcohol dependence having or not having an addicted parent in terms of the retrospectively assessed parental attitudes (study 2). Materials and methods: 121 individuals with alcohol dependence and 121 people with no dependence took part in study 1 (in both groups there were 37 women and 84 men). 221 individuals with alcohol dependence (55 women and 166 men) participated in study 2. Mieczysław Plopa’s Questionnaire of Retrospective Assessment of Parental Attitudes (KPR-Roc) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) were used in the studies. Results: The outcome of study 1 proved that the individuals with alcohol dependence score higher in comparison with those non-dependent in terms of variables Mother Protectiveness, Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence and score lower for variables Father Acceptance/Rejection and Father Autonomy. The results of study 2 show that alcohol-dependent women with a family history of alcohol addiction tended to score lower for variables Mother Acceptance/Rejection, Father Acceptance/Rejection, Father Autonomy and Father Protectiveness in comparison with the non-dependent women with no family history of alcohol addiction. Whereas men addicted to alcohol with a family history of alcohol addiction score higher for the variable Father Acceptance/Rejection and higher concerning variables Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence in comparison with the addicted male group with no family history of alcohol addiction. Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent individuals have a tendency to assess more adversely the father’s attitude in comparison with the non-dependent group. Having an alcohol-dependent parent among individuals with alcohol dependence differentiates mainly the retrospective assessment of the father.

scholarly journals Is family history of alcohol dependence a risk factor for disturbed sleep in alcohol dependent subjects?

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Chakravorty ◽  
Ninad S. Chaudhary ◽  
Knashawn Morales ◽  
Michael A. Grandner ◽  
David W. Oslin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

scholarly journals Bioinformatics identification and pharmacological validation of Kcnn3/KCa2 channels as a mediator of negative affective behaviors and excessive alcohol drinking in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey E. Padula ◽  
Jennifer A. Rinker ◽  
Marcelo F. Lopez ◽  
Megan K. Mulligan ◽  
Robert W. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Sk Channel ◽  
Affective Behaviors ◽  
Positive Modulator ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractMood disorders are often comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and play a considerable role in the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence and relapse. Because of this high comorbidity, it is necessary to determine shared and unique genetic factors driving heavy drinking and negative affective behaviors. In order to identify novel pharmacogenetic targets, a bioinformatics analysis was used to quantify the expression of amygdala K+ channel genes that covary with anxiety-related phenotypes in the well-phenotyped and fully sequenced family of BXD strains. We used a model of stress-induced escalation of drinking in alcohol-dependent mice to measure negative affective behaviors during abstinence. A pharmacological approach was used to validate the key bioinformatics findings in alcohol-dependent, stressed mice. Amygdalar expression of Kcnn3 correlated significantly with 40 anxiety-associated phenotypes. Further examination of Kcnn3 expression revealed a strong eigentrait for anxiety-like behaviors and negative correlations with binge-like and voluntary alcohol drinking. Mice treated with chronic intermittent alcohol exposure and repeated swim stress consumed more alcohol in their home cages and showed hypophagia on the novelty-suppressed feeding test during abstinence. Pharmacologically targeting Kcnn gene products with the KCa2 (SK) channel-positive modulator 1-EBIO decreased drinking and reduced feeding latency in alcohol-dependent, stressed mice. Collectively, these validation studies provide central nervous system links into the covariance of stress, negative affective behaviors, and AUD in the BXD strains. Further, the bioinformatics discovery tool is effective in identifying promising targets (i.e., KCa2 channels) for treating alcohol dependence exacerbated by comorbid mood disorders.

scholarly journals Association of the PDYN gene with alcohol dependence and the propensity to drink in negative emotional states

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Karpyak ◽  
Stacey J. Winham ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss ◽  
Peter Zill ◽  
Julie M. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Tests Of Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Abstract Synthetic κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists induce dysphoric and pro-depressive effects and variations in the KOR (OPRK1) and prodynorphin (PDYN) genes have been shown to be associated with alcohol dependence. We genotyped 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDYN and OPRK1 genes in 816 alcohol-dependent subjects and investigated their association with: (1) negative craving measured by a subscale of the Inventory of Drug Taking Situations; (2) a self-reported history of depression; (3) the intensity of depressive symptoms measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. In addition, 13 of the 23 PDYN and OPRK1 SNPs, which were previously genotyped in a set of 1248 controls, were used to evaluate association with alcohol dependence. SNP and haplotype tests of association were performed. Analysis of a haplotype spanning the PDYN gene (rs6045784, rs910080, rs2235751, rs2281285) revealed significant association with alcohol dependence (p = 0.00079) and with negative craving (p = 0.0499). A candidate haplotype containing the PDYN rs2281285-rs1997794 SNPs that was previously associated with alcohol dependence was also associated with negative craving (p = 0.024) and alcohol dependence (p = 0.0008) in this study. A trend for association between depression severity and PDYN variation was detected. No associations of OPRK1 gene variation with alcohol dependence or other studied phenotypes were found. These findings support the hypothesis that sequence variation in the PDYN gene contributes to both alcohol dependence and the induction of negative craving in alcohol-dependent subjects.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY AND EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN PEOPLE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Serhii Lytvyn
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tolerance Of Uncertainty

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tolerance of uncertainty on the executive functions in people with psychological trauma. To study the neuropsychological correlates of tolerance of uncertainty in people with psychological trauma, 55 subjects aged 21 to 66 years (25 men and 30 women) were involved. The control sample included 56 subjects aged 22–67 years (21 men and 35 women). Research methods: "New questionnaire of tolerance-intolerance of uncertainty", "Iowa Gambling Task", Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-DX), Method of verbal-color interference (Stroop test). Results: psychological trauma causes a decrease in the level of tolerance of uncertainty (ToU), an increase in the level of intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) and an increase in the level of interpersonal intolerance of uncertainty (IIoU). ToU can be seen as a protective factor in the case of psychological trauma. ToU can alleviate the manifestations of executive dysfunction (when treating both ambivalent and indeterminate stimuli) in people with a history of psychological trauma. IoU can be considered as a psychological construct that interferes with the normal functioning of executive functions in the control group (persons without a history of psychological trauma). Psychological trauma causes an increase in the level of IIoU in a way that is not associated with executive dysfunction.

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