Prevalence and Predictors of ADHD Symptoms in Adults Admitted for Substance use Disorder Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S132-S132
Author(s):  
K. Abel ◽  
E. Ravndal ◽  
T. Clausen ◽  
J. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
One Year

IntroductionSubstance use disorders (SUD) are common in adults with ADHD. A co-occurring ADHD diagnosis is associated with poorer treatment outcomes for both the ADHD and the SUD and higher rates of relapse to substance use.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between ADHD and SUD longitudinally to identify factors to help improve treatment outcomes.AimsPrevalence of ADHD symptoms was investigated in a national cohort of SUD patients one year after SUD treatment initiation. Factors at baseline related to ADHD symptoms were explored at follow up.MethodsFive hundred and forty-eight individuals were interviewed in a multi-center study involving 21 treatment facilities at treatment initiation and one year later (n = 261). ADHD symptoms were measured by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS-v.1-1) at follow-up. Individuals who screened positively for ADHD (ADHD + ) were compared to those who screened negatively on baseline variables. Emotional distress was measured by Hopkin's Symptom Check List-25.ResultsAt follow-up 35% screened positively for ADHD. In bivariate analysis the ADHD+ group was older, was less likely to have children, reported lower educational level, had more frequent use of stimulants, cannabis and benzodiazepines, and experienced higher degree of emotional stress. When controlling for other significant variables in a logistic regression analysis, the ADHD+ group was associated with more frequent use of cannabis (OR 2.14; CI 1.08–4.23) and of higher psychiatric symptom burden (OR 1.79; CI 1.22–2.61).ConclusionsA high prevalence of ADHD symptoms and associated challenges underline the importance of systematic screening of individuals entering SUD treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with a more severe course of substance use? A longitudinal study with young Swiss men

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
F. Moggi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAdults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms show higher prevalence rates for substance use disorders (SUD).ObjectivesFew longitudinal studies have been conducted to observe the course of substance use among adults with ADHD.AimsThis study examined the predictive value of ADHD symptoms during the course of substance use in a population sample.MethodsIn two waves data from a representative sample of 5103 Swiss men in their early 20s were collected (baseline and 15-month follow-up) in the longitudinal “Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors” (C-SURF). ADHD symptoms and substance use were assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and self-administered SUD questionnaires, respectively. Individuals who screened positive for ADHD (ADHD+) were compared to those who screened negative (ADHD−).ResultsAt baseline, the 215 individuals in the ADHD+ group (4.2%) showed considerably higher prevalence and frequency of substance use and prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders relative to the ADHD− group. While alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and heroin use remained stable from baseline to follow-up, the ADHD+ group was more likely to begin using illicit drugs (i.e. amphetamines, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and cocaine) and initiate nonmedical use of prescription drugs (i.e. stimulants/amphetamines, hypnotics, and tranquilizers) relative to the ADHD− group.ConclusionsYoung men with ADHD symptoms displayed more severe substance use patterns and were at a high risk of initiating drug use within 15 months. The identification of ADHD symptoms during early adulthood may be relevant in early interventions to lower the risk of drug use.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study on Substance Use and Related Problems in Women in Opioid Maintenance Treatment from Pregnancy to Four Years after Giving Birth

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. SART.S15055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn O. Lund ◽  
Håvar Brendryen ◽  
Edle Ravndal
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Opioid Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
One Year

Background Women in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) have a past characterized by drug abuse, which is a challenging start for parenthood. Studies of mothers in OMT are typically limited to pregnancy and early infancy. Knowledge about how they cope with substance use and related problems in the years following birth is therefore important. The aims of the study were to examine changes in mothers’ substance use, psychological problems, and other challenges; from one to four years after their children were born, and describe kindergarten attendance and prevalence and type of child protective services involvement when the children were four years old. Method A four-year prospective cohort study of mothers in OMT. The European severity index was used to map substance use and related problems during the third trimester of pregnancy, one and four years after birth. Results At the four-year follow-up, use of illegal substances remained low (4%) and use of legal substances (39%) was similar to the one-year follow-up. The proportion of women with psychological problems was significantly higher than at one-year follow-up (69 vs. 39%, P = .009). At age four, most children (89%) attended kindergarten, and the child protective services were following 73% of the families, mostly with voluntary measures. Conclusion Mothers in OMT cope well with substance use over time, given access to sufficient support. The findings imply that a preventive governmental strategy with close support of mother and child, have a positive impact contributing to making OMT and motherhood more compatible.

scholarly journals Delay to initiate treatment is associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a follow up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kiros Tedla ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Afework Mulugeta ◽  
Nega Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background : Previous studies in Ethiopia indicated that tuberculosis (TB) patient’s elapse long time before treatment initiation. However, there is very limited evidence on the association of delay to initiate treatment with treatment outcome. Objective : To investigate the association of time to treatment initiation delay with treatment outcomes of new adult TB patients in Tigray region of Ethiopia. Methods : We conducted a follow up study from October 2018 to April 2020 by recruiting 875 newly diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients from 21 randomly selected health facilities. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique during treatment initiation from October 1/2018 to October 30/2019. Delay to initiate treatment and treatment outcome were collected using standardized questionnaire and laboratory investigation. Adherence of TB patients to their treatment was collected using a 10 points linear visual analogue scale (VAS) at the end of treatment. The association of delay to initiate treatment with treatment outcome was modeled using log binomial regression model. Statistical significance was reported whenever p-value was less than 0.05. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Result : The median total delay to treatment initiation was 62 days with inter-quartile range of 16-221 days. A unite increase in a day to initiate treatment results in increment of risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome by 2.3. Other factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes were being less adherent to the treatment, HIV co infection, being smear positive at initiation of treatment and after 2 months of treatment initiation. Conclusion : delay in a day to initiate treatment is associated with increased risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Any effort targeted towards reducing the negative effects of PTB should target on strategies that reduces the length of delay to initiate treatment and strengthen community engagement to improve treatment adherence of patients that have started treatment.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Case Finding Cascade and Treatment Outcomes among Male Inmates in Two Prisons in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alois Mandizvidza ◽  
Riitta A. Dlodlo ◽  
Palanivel Chinnakali ◽  
Hamufare Dumisani Mugauri ◽  
Freeman Dube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Setting. Zimbabwe is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country, with an estimated prevalence of 344/100,000 population. Though prisons are known high-prevalence sites for TB, the paucity of data affects the quantification of the disease and treatment outcomes in these settings. We measured the prevalence of TB disease and treatment outcomes among inmates at two major prisons in Harare, Zimbabwe. Design. A cohort study using programmatic data was undertaken to assess TB diagnostic cascade in one of the study prisons for 2018. Treatment outcomes among male inmates with TB were assessed over a period of four years, in two study prisons. Results. A total of 405 (11%) inmates with presumptive TB were identified, and 370 (91%) of these were evaluated for TB, mostly using rapid molecular testing of sputum specimens. Twenty-five inmates were diagnosed with TB resulting in a prevalence of 649/100,000 population. Of these, 16 (64%) were started on treatment. Nine (36%) were lost to follow-up before treatment initiation. From 2015 to 2018, 280 adult male inmates with TB were started on treatment. Of these, 212 (76%) had pulmonary disease that was bacteriologically confirmed. Almost all (276/280, 99%) had known HIV status, 65% were HIV-infected, and 80% of these were on antiretroviral treatment. The TB treatment success rate (cured or treatment completed) was recorded for 209 (75%) inmates, whilst 14 (5%) died and 11 (4%) were lost to follow-up. The frequency of unfavourable treatment outcomes (death, lost to follow-up, and not evaluated) was higher (54%) among inmates≥60 years than those in the age group of 45-59 years (17%). Conclusion. The findings revealed a threefold burden of TB in prisons, compared with what is reported by national survey. To decrease transmission of TB bacilli, it is essential to promote efforts that address missed opportunities in the TB diagnostic cascade, prompt treatment initiation, and ensure that tracking and documentation of treatment outcomes for all inmates are intensified.

scholarly journals Catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis worsen treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 666-673
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fuady ◽  
Tanja A J Houweling ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Jan Hendrik Richardus
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background While the incidence of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis (TB) remains high, there is little evidence about their impact on TB treatment outcomes and adherence. We assessed their effect on treatment outcomes and adherence in Indonesia. Methods We interviewed 282 adult TB patients who underwent TB treatment in urban, suburban and rural districts of Indonesia. One year after the interview, we followed up treatment adherence and outcomes. We applied multivariable analysis using generalized linear mixed models. Results Follow-up was complete for 252/282 patients. Eighteen (7%) patients had unsuccessful treatment and 40 (16%) had poor adherence. At a threshold of 30% of annual household income, catastrophic costs negatively impacted treatment outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.15 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.15 to 15.01]). At other thresholds, the associations showed a similar pattern but were not statistically significant. The association between catastrophic costs and treatment adherence is complex because of reverse causation. After adjustment, catastrophic costs negatively affected treatment adherence at the 10% and 15% thresholds (aOR 2.11 [95% CI 0.97 to 4.59], p = 0.059 and aOR 2.06 [95% CI 0.95 to 4.46], p = 0.07). There was no evidence of such an effect at other thresholds. Conclusions Catastrophic costs negatively affect TB treatment outcomes and treatment adherence. To eliminate TB, it is essential to mitigate catastrophic costs.

Treatment Outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study After One Year of Follow-up

2007 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Gedde ◽  
Joyce C. Schiffman ◽  
William J. Feuer ◽  
Leon W. Herndon ◽  
James D. Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tube Versus

Persistence of psychological problems in adolescence: a one year follow-up study

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah James ◽  
Maria Lawlor ◽  
Nick Sofroniou
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Externalising Problems ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Internalising Problems

AbstractObjectives: To examine the prevalence and persistence of psychological problems in older adolescents.Methods: This study is a one year follow-up of 110 adolescents, 64 girls and 46 boys attending three secondary schools in Ireland. All were 16 at initial testing. The Youth Self Report (YSR) was the measure used.Results: Over a fifth of adolescents have problems in the clinical range. These problems persisted from 16 to 17. Females reported more problems than males at both ages. Some females showed a slight reduction in internalising problems at 17. Both males and females showed an increase in externalising problems at 17. Odds ratios indicate that those in the clinical ranges of the YSR at 16, had increased risk of being in the clinical range at 17 compared to those in the no problem range at 16. In comparison to those with no suicidal feeling, those with suicidal feelings at 16 were at an increased risk of still feeling suicidal at 17. More males remained psychologically healthy than girls.Conclusions: A large proportion of adolescents in this sample have psychological problems and these appear to persist over a one year period. These problems impact substantially on the adolescents themselves, their families and society. Given the increasing suicide rate in young people and the persistence of suicidal feelings in this cohort, the inadequacy of mental health services in Ireland for adolescents, particularly those ages 16-18 is highlighted. The challenge of developing and providing adolescent friendly services is addressed.

Prevalence of ADHD and co-morbid conditions among university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S475-S476
Author(s):  
A. Gormez ◽  
E. Kocer ◽  
A. Kurtulmus ◽  
I. Kirpinar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with attention, increased impulsivity and hyperactivity. Comorbidity is often reported in adults with ADHD with a range of 60–100% of patients having at least one co-morbid condition.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among university students and to investigate some co-occurring symptoms and disorders.AimsWe aimed to raise awareness of adult ADHD and underscore its co-morbidity.Method486 undergraduate students at Bezmialem Vakif university in Istanbul filled in the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Beck Anxiety Scale (Beck-A), Beck Depression Scale (Beck-D) and a purpose-designed structured socio-demographic form.ResultsOur results revealed that 6% of participants reported significant ADHD symptoms using 1.5 standard deviation above mean on the ASRS. 67% of students with significant ADHD symptoms had a psychiatric history other than ADHD. History of depression, anxiety and sleep problems were significantly higher in this group (P < 0.05). They scored higher on Beck-A and Beck-D (P < 0.05). Students with significant ADHD symptoms reported more night eating, binge eating behaviours and more headache (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the history of epilepsy, asthma, allergy and diabetes. Family history of psychiatric disorder particularly ADHD, depression and eating disorder were higher in the ADHD group (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that ADHD is prevalent among university students with high co-morbidity. Hence people with ADHD need comprehensive and lifelong assessment and management of their symptoms and needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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