Is There an Association Between Body Uneasiness and Aberrant Salience in Anorexic Patients? A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S285-S286
Author(s):  
L. Mallardo ◽  
B. Campone ◽  
T. Tofani ◽  
E. Ciampi ◽  
E. Corsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Body Uneasiness

The process whereby objects and representations come to be attention grabbing and capture thought and behaviour is called salience, and it is defined as aberrant when a significance is allocated to neutral stimuli. The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) is a scale to measure aberrant salience, characterized by 29 dichotomic items. By now, a correlation between aberrant salience and eating disorders is unknown. Aim of this study is to evaluate an alteration of salience in patients with anorexia nervosa, to estimate the existance of a correlation between aberrant salience and the experience of body shape.MethodsTwenty-six female patients with AN (diagnosed using DSM-5) were enrolled at the Psychiatry Department of Florence. Psychopathological features were assessed at the time of enrollment using the following scales: SCL-90-R, BUT, EDE-Q. Salience alteration was assessed by the means of the ASI. Statistical analysis were realized using SPSS 20.0 with Spearman bivariate correlation.ResultsMean age was (mean ± SD) 26.2 ± 8.72 and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) 16.1 ± 2.46. Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Total (PST) and Positive Symptom Distress Symptom Index (PSDI) were estimated for BUT and SCL-90-R and compared to total value of ASI. Thus, we found a statistical significant (P < 0.05) direct correlation between ASI and BUTpsdi and ASI and SCL-90-Rgsi (correlation coefficient of 0.446 and 0.398, respectively).ConclusionIn this study, we found a significant direct correlation between Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) values and one dimension of body uneasiness in anorexic patients. These preliminary data need further studies with a wider sample to confirm the above-mentioned data.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Fibromyalgia and psychopathology

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1659-1659
Author(s):  
D. Guerro-Prado ◽  
N. Echeverria ◽  
L. Jiménez ◽  
M. Leira ◽  
E. García-Resa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Paranoid Ideation

IntroductionFibromyalgia seems to be associated with various forms of psychopathology, particularly major affective disorders.ObjectiveTo evaluate associated psychopathology in a series of women with diagnosis of fibromyalgia.MethodsPatient inclusion from 1st March to 30th June 2010. Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used for evaluation. SPSS was used for statistical analysis of data and results.ResultsA total of 34 women voluntarily joined our study. Mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.17). 11.4% were singled, 74.3% married or unmarried couples, 8.6% were divorced, and 5.7% were widowers. 74.3% of women lived with their couple and/or children whereas 8.6% lived by their own, and 8.6% with their parents. Results obtained with SCL-90-R showed:Global Severity Index (GSI) 1.86 (Standard Deviation (SD) 0.54); Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) 2.58 (SD 0.36); Positive Symptom Total (PST) 167.85 (SD 49.30); Somatization (SOM) 2.62 (SD 0.53); Obsessive-Compulsive (O-C) 2.59 (SD 0.78); Interpersonal Sensitivity (I-S) 1.50 (SD 0.86); Depression (DEP) 2.5 (SD 0.75); Anxiety (ANX) 1.75 (SD 0.74); Hostility (HOS) 1.11 (SD 0.82); Phobic Anxiety (PHOB) 1.09 (SD 0.84); Paranoid Ideation (PAR) 1.11 (SD 0.85); Psychoticism (PSY) 1.05 (SD 0.62), and other vague symptoms 2.15 (SD 0.70).ConclusionOur patients with fibromyalgia scored higher in somatization, obsession-compulsion, depression, and anxiety. In view of the results, there is an important association between fibromyalgia and various forms of psychopathology.

Comparison of the Milwaukee Neurotic Trait Screening Scale with the Symptom Check List

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-859
Author(s):  
L. D. Young ◽  
A. F. Le Cann ◽  
J. J. Barboriak ◽  
A. J. Anderson ◽  
M. D. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Check List ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Screening Scale

Responses from 45 volunteers to the Milwaukee Neurotic Trait Scale (NT) and to the Hopkins Symptom Check List (SCL-90R) were compared. The NT scale was significantly correlated with the subscales of the SCL-90R. Second, agreement for high, middle, and low scores was found between the NT Scale and the SCL-90R Global Severity Index and Positive Symptom Total. These limited findings, based on a small sample of students, are promising and warrant replication with different and larger groups of adults.

scholarly journals Psychosomatic symptoms in patients suffering from morphea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
L. А. Pаroshуna
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Check List ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Objective. To study the features of psychosomatic pathology in patients with morphea.Materials and methods. We used the Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) to assess patterns of phychological signs in 95 patients suffering from morphea. The control group included 30 respondents without the skin pathology.Results. The patients with morphea revealed higher values in the Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), Positive Symptoms Total (PST). The group of the patients with morphea showed higher distress levels according to the somatization, obsessive and compulsive disorders, depression, anxiety scales.Conclusion. Patients with morphea have a wider range of psychosomatic symptoms. The prevalent characteristics of psychosomatic changes are somatization, obsessive and compulsive disorders, depression, anxiety.  

scholarly journals Reducing Teachers' Psychological Distress through a Mindfulness Training Program

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemente Franco ◽  
Israel Mañas ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
Emilio Moreno ◽  
José Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Experimental Group

Teachers constitute one of the professional collectives most affected by psychological problems. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to examine the efficacy of a mindfulness training programme to reduce psychological distress in a group of teachers. The sample comprised 68 teachers of Secondary School Education, from various public schools; half of them formed the experimental group, and the another half the control group. The levels of psychological distress were measured, in both groups, by the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) before and after the application of the programme. Statistical analysis shows the significant reduction of three general measures of psychological distress (Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Distress Index, and Positive Symptom Total), as well in all its dimensions (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensibility, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), in the experimental group compared with the control group. Follow-up measures show that these results were maintained for four months after termination of the intervention in the experimental group.

Are Symptoms of Late Whiplash Specific? A Comparison of SCL-90-R Symptom Profiles of Patients with Late Whiplash and Patients with Chronic Pain Due to Other Types of Trauma

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOGDAN P. RADANOV ◽  
ANNE F. MANNION ◽  
PIETRO BALLINARI
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Global Indices ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Whiplash Syndrome ◽  
Late Whiplash Syndrome

Objective.Focusing on symptoms referred to as specific for late whiplash may contribute to misconceptions in assessment, treatment, and settlements. We compared Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) symptom profiles of patients with late whiplash and patients with chronic pain due to other types of trauma.Methods.We compared 156 late whiplash patients (WP group) with 54 chronic pain patients who had suffered different bodily trauma (non-WP group) with regard to the following aspects of the SCL-90-R: the Positive Symptom Total (PST); the nine SCL-90-R dimensions and additional global indices, i.e., Global Severity Index (GSI) and Positive Symptom Distress (PSD); and complaints referred to as specific for late whiplash syndrome.Results.The mean adjusted T score for PST was in the normal range for the WP group (T = 56.1, 95% CI 54.1–58.1) and in the pathological range for the non-WP group (T = 61.1, 95% CI 57.3–64.9). Both the WP and non-WP groups showed mean T scores in the pathological range for the dimensions “Somatization,” “Obsessive-Compulsive,” and PSD. Only the non-WP group had an average score in the pathological range for the dimensions “Depression,” “Anxiety,” and “Phobic Anxiety” and for the global indices GSI and PST. Multivariable regression controlling for gender and education level was used to identify complaints “specific for late whiplash” that were significantly associated with being in the WP group rather than the non-WP group: greater headache (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.16, 2.03; p = 0.003) and lower emotional lability (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.98; p = 0.003) were the only significant variables.Conclusion.Late whiplash is not a chronic pain condition characterized by specific symptoms, other than greater headache.

Baseline putamen volume as a predictor of positive symptom reduction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study

2015 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Bin Hong ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Yoo Bin Kwak ◽  
Sung Nyun Kim ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Reduction ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Preliminary Study

Benefits of Acupuncture for Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Comparative Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netanella Danielli Miller ◽  
Elad Schiff ◽  
Eran Ben-Arye ◽  
Joelle Singer ◽  
Tsachi Tsadok Perets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Diabetic Gastroparesis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Objectives The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the effectiveness of domperidone and acupuncture for the management of diabetic gastroparesis. Methods This was a preliminary, prospective non-randomised, unblinded case-crossover study conducted in patients with longstanding, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis. All patients received domperidone (20 mg four times a day) for 12 weeks, followed by a 2–3 week washout period, and then biweekly acupuncture treatments for 8 weeks. Gastric emptying rate, glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were measured at start and end of each treatment period. At each of these timepoints patients completed the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey Update (SF-36). Results The trial was curtailed after only eight participants could be recruited in 3 years. The mean age of patients was 57.1±9.9 years, the male:female ratio was 1:7 and mean body mass index (kg/m2) was 25.2±1.2. There was no change in any of the outcome parameters after treatment with domperidone. Acupuncture was associated with a decrease in scores for almost all cardinal symptoms of the GCSI, as well as in increased total score on the SWLS (p=0.002) and the social functioning domain of the SF-36 (p=0.054). Acupuncture did not lead to an improvement in gastric emptying, or glucose control from baseline. Conclusions Acupuncture treatment may lead to symptomatic improvement in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Within the limitations of this preliminary, non-randomised and unblinded study, it appears that this effect may be due to non-specific mechanisms.

Aberrant Salience among Young Healthy Postgraduate University Students: The Role of Cannabis Use, Psychotic-Like Experiences, and Personality

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrea Patti ◽  
Gabriele Santarelli ◽  
Giulio D’Anna ◽  
Andrea Ballerini ◽  
Valdo Ricca
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Frequency ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
Self Transcendence

Aberrant salience (AS) is an anomalous world experience which plays a major role in psychotic proneness. In the general population, a deployment of this construct – encompassing personality traits, psychotic-like symptoms, and cannabis use – could prove useful to outline the relative importance of these factors. For this purpose, 106 postgraduate university students filled the AS Inventory (ASI), the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Lifetime cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 56) and individuals who did not use cannabis (<i>n</i> = 50) were compared. The role of cannabis use and psychometric indexes on ASI total scores was tested in different subgroups (overall sample, cannabis users, and nonusers). The present study confirmed that cannabis users presented higher ASI scores. The deployment of AS proved to involve positive symptom frequency (assessed through CAPE), character dimensions of self-directedness and self-transcendence (TCI subscales), and cannabis use. Among nonusers, the role of personality traits (assessed through the TCI) was preeminent, whereas positive psychotic-like experiences (measured by means of CAPE) had a major weight among cannabis users. The present study suggests that pre-reflexive anomalous world experiences such as AS are intertwined with reflexive self-consciousness, personality traits, current subclinical psychotic symptoms, and cannabis use. In the present study, subthreshold psychotic experiences proved to play a major role among cannabis users, whereas personality appeared to be more relevant among nonusers.

scholarly journals 0482 A Preliminary Study on the Efficacy of Forehead-Cooling for Relieving Menopausal Sleep Difficulties and Hot Flashes

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A185-A185
Author(s):  
F C Baker ◽  
M de Zambotti ◽  
L Chiappetta ◽  
E Nofzinger
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Hot Flash ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Many women experience sleep difficulties in the approach to menopause and post-menopause, with about 25% experiencing severe symptoms that impact daytime functioning and quality of life. Hot flashes contribute to these sleep difficulties, being associated with nocturnal awakenings, poorer sleep quality, and chronic insomnia. New non-pharmacological sleep solutions have become available, including a forehead cooling device designed to target elevated brain metabolism in insomnia sufferers. Here, we explored whether this device was effective in improving subjective sleep and hot flashes in menopausal-age women with insomnia symptoms. Methods This study was an open-label, in-home investigation of the efficacy of nightly treatment with a forehead cooling device in 20 women (55.1 ± 4.2 years) with insomnia symptoms and daily hot flashes. Participants completed daily diaries assessing sleep quality and hot flashes across a baseline week (no treatment) followed by 4 weeks of treatment. They also completed questionnaires before and after treatment including the insomnia severity index and the hot flash related daily interference scale. Results Women reported better sleep quality with a shorter sleep onset latency and fewer awakenings (between 14-30% improvement) during the first week of device use, with further improvements over time, relative to baseline (p &lt;0.001). Women also reported fewer nocturnal hot flashes that were less severe during treatment (p&lt;0.001). They had lower insomnia severity scores post-treatment (9.3±5.8) compared to pre-treatment (20.0±5.7) (p&lt;0.001), with 17 participants showing a reduction of 6 points or greater on the insomnia severity index. There was also a significant reduction in hot flash related daily interference post-treatment (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion Use of a forehead cooling device during the night improved subjective sleep quality and reduced insomnia symptoms and hot flash frequency and severity in this preliminary study of menopausal-age women. Further large scale randomized controlled trials are required to determine efficacy. Support Ebb Therapeutics

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