Teladorsagia circumcincta: Activation-associated secreted proteins in excretory/secretory products of fourth stage larvae are targets of early IgA responses in infected sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Nisbet ◽  
S.K. Smith ◽  
S. Armstrong ◽  
L.I. Meikle ◽  
L.A. Wildblood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Secretory Products

A preliminary proteomic survey of thein vitroexcretory/secretory products of fourth-stage larval and adultTeladorsagia circumcincta

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CRAIG ◽  
J. M. WASTLING ◽  
D. P. KNOX
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Secretory Products

The nature of the proteins which comprise thein vitroexcretory/secretory products (ES) of the fourth-stage larva (L4) and adultTeladorsagia circumcinctaare largely undefined, despite the fact that this nematode induces profound changes, in part related to parasite ES, in the cellular architecture of the glands lining the abomasal surface of infected sheep and goats. In this study, the protein components of L4 and adult ES were fractionated using 1D gel electrophoresis and the major protein bands, detected by Coomassie blue staining, excised from the gel and subjected to tryptic digest and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. The resultant peptide mass fingerprints were used to identify 15 L4 and 13 adult ES proteins. Several proteins, such as globin and some metabolic enzymes, were present in both ES. L4 ES alone contained thioredoxin peroxidase, an enzyme that can detoxify free radicals resulting from host inflammatory responses to the parasite, a cysteine proteinase which may aid penetration of the gastric mucosa and 2 different galectins which may influence cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Adult ES contained a nucleoside diphosphate kinase homologue, an enzyme which has been linked to cellular changes and can affect liquid secretion and goblet cell degranulation.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA for Detection of Infection with Teladorsagia Circumcincta in Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Aliabadi ◽  
Ehsan Rakhshandehroo ◽  
Azadeh Yektaseresht
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background The gastrointestinal helminth, Teladorsagia circumcincta, is one of the major health risk and production-limiting disease in small ruminant populations, particularly in temperate regions. With the increasing importance of the disease management and recruited anthelminic resistant types, accurate approaches are needed for diagnosis of the infection in the host. Because of uncertain results using faecal examinations, the ELISA method was indicated for detection of the nematode antigenic materials. Despite some promising results, problems were described in terms of the test specificity and the cross-reactions. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate worm somatic and excretory/secretory (ES) products using western blot analysis and an indirect ELISA for detecting T. circumcincta infection in sheep. Results Based on the immuno-reactivity analysis, immunogenic fractions with molecular weights of approximately 60, 75 and 100 kDa were detected in somatic content and two antigens of about 63 and 75 kDa in ES material. Accordingly, a specific product at 75 kDa had the strongest reaction and appeared as the most common antigenic protein. In ELISA, all sera from the infected sheep revealed the OD rates above the calculated cut-off value with about two-fold greater in average. Negative control samples were also specifically recognized with the mean OD rate of about 1/3 of the estimated cut-off value. The cross-reaction test, using rabbit hyperimmune sera, did not show reactivity with ES antigens of other prevalent nematodes include Haemonchus contortus, Protostrongylus rufescens and Marshallagia marshalli. In contrast, a strong positive reaction was found with the somatic antigens of M. marshalli. Conclusions The results obtained here indicates the indirect ELISA method using the ES content enables distinguishing the T. circumcincta infected sheep with high specificity. Those antigenic ES peptides with 63 and particularly 75 kDa molecular weights should be more investigated due to the potential for serological diagnostic methods and immunoprotective targets in the host.

The In Vitro Action of Immune Serum on the Juveniles of the Nematode, Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich, 1899

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Dhar ◽  
Kunwar Suresh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. A precipitate was formed at the oral opening, excretory pore and anal opening of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum in the presence of immune serum in vitro, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death in large numbers. The precipitates failed to appear on these juveniles in normal serum or in saline; nor did they appear on the third stage juveniles on incubation in immune sera. Apparently the excretory-secretory products of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum serve as antigen and play an important role in the stimulation of antibodies in the host.2. Inactivation of the immune serum did not destroy the precipitin type of antibody, nor was it affected when the immune animals had been treated with cortisone.3. Immune serum from animals receiving multiple infections showed a higher antibody titre.4. The possible way in which the antibody acts on the fourth stage juveniles, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death, is discussed.

scholarly journals Exosome-Depleted Excretory-Secretory Products of the Fourth-Stage Larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis Promotes Alternative Activation of Macrophages Through Metabolic Reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wan ◽  
Xiaoqiang Sun ◽  
Wenyan Tang ◽  
Lifu Wang ◽  
Zhongdao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Alternative Activation ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningitis ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Secretory Products

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), which parasitizes in the brain of the non-permissive host, such as mouse and human, is an etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis. Excretory-secretory (ES) products play an important role in the interaction between parasites and hosts’ immune responses. Inflammatory macrophages are responsible for eosinophilic meningitis induced by AC, and the soluble antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth stage larva (AC L4), a mimic of dead AC L4, aggravate eosinophilic meningitis in AC-infected mice model via promoting alternative activation of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the key molecules in the ES products of AC L4 on macrophages and observed the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the PI3K-Akt pathway. First, a co-culture system of macrophage and AC L4 was established to define the role of AC L4 ES products on macrophage polarization. Then, AC L4 exosome and exosome-depleted excretory-secretory products (exofree) were separated from AC L4 ES products using differential centrifugation, and their distinct roles on macrophage polarization were confirmed using qPCR and ELISA experiments. Moreover, AC L4 exofree induced alternative activation of macrophages, which is partially associated with metabolic reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt pathway. Next, lectin blot and deglycosylation assay were done, suggesting the key role of N-linked glycoproteins in exofree. Then, glycoproteomic analysis of exofree and RNA-seq analysis of exofree-treated macrophage were performed. Bi-layer PPI network analysis based on these results identified macrophage-related protein Hexa as a key molecule in inducing alternative activation of macrophages. Our results indicate a great value for research of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules, which might contribute to drug development for immune-related diseases.

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