Effect of Heating by Solid-State Microwave Technology at Fixed Frequencies or by Frequency Sweep Loops on Heating Profiles in Model Food Samples

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between taste responsiveness and food liking in preadolescents. Model food samples of grapefruit juice (GF) and vegetable broth (VB) modified with four additions of sucrose and sodium chloride, respectively, were employed. Intensity perception for sweetness, sourness, and bitterness were measured in GF while saltiness and umami were measured in VB. The children (N = 148) also completed food choice, familiarity, stated liking and neophobia questionnaires. The test was conducted at school, with instructions provided remotely via video call. Four segments were defined differing in basic taste responsiveness. Segments and sucrose concentrations significantly affected liking for GF, while no significant effect of segments and sodium chloride concentrations occurred on liking for VB. An increasing sucrose concentration was positively associated with liking for GF only in the segment with low responsiveness to bitter and sour tastes. No significant differences across segments were found for food choice, familiarity, stated liking, and neophobia. Conclusively, relationships between taste responsiveness and liking are product and basic taste-dependent in addition to being subject-dependent. Strategies to improve acceptance by using sucrose as a suppressor for warning sensations of bitterness and sourness can be more or less effective depending on individual responsiveness to the basic tastes.

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Preparation of Thin Cadmium Telluride Samples for Electron Microscope Studies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052754 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

T. J. Magee ◽

J. Peng ◽

J. Bean

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Solid State ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Cadmium Telluride ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

Optical Components ◽

The Past ◽

Solid State Devices

Cadmium telluride has become increasingly important in a number of technological applications, particularly in the area of laser-optical components and solid state devices, Microstructural characterizations of the material have in the past been somewhat limited because of the lack of suitable sample preparation and thinning techniques. Utilizing a modified jet thinning apparatus and a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid thinning solution, a procedure has now been developed for obtaining thin contamination-free samples for TEM examination.

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The Collagenic Molecular Structural Unit of Solid State Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066449 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 478-479

Author(s):

Kenneth M. Richter ◽

John A. Schilling

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Solid State ◽

Structural Unit ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Naoh Treatment

The structural unit of solid state collagen complexes has been reported by Porter and Vanamee via EM and by Cowan, North and Randall via x-ray diffraction to be an ellipsoidal unit of 210-270 A. length by 50-100 A. diameter. It subsequently was independently demonstrated by us in dog tendon, dermis, and induced complexes. Its detailed morphologic, dimensional and molecular weight (MW) aspects have now been determined. It is pear-shaped in long profile with m diameters of 57 and 108 A. and m length of 263 A. (Fig. 1, tendon, KMnO4 fixation, Na-tungstate; Fig. 2a, schematic of unit in long, C, and x-sectional profiles of its thin, xB, and bulbous, xA portions; Fig. 2b, tendon essentially unmodified by ether and 0.4 N NaOH treatment, Na-tungstate). The unit consists of a uniquely coild cable, c, of ṁ 22.9 A. diameter and length of 2580-3316 A. The cable consists of three 2nd-strands, s, each of m 10.6 A.

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Structure-property relations of liquid crystalline polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127013 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 460-463

Author(s):

Linda C. Sawyer

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Structural Model ◽

Crystalline Polymer ◽

Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽

Mechanical Anisotropy ◽

Structure Property ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Crystalline Polymers ◽

Extended Chain

Recent liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) research has sought to define structure-property relationships of these complex new materials. The two major types of LCPs, thermotropic and lyotropic LCPs, both exhibit effects of process history on the microstructure frozen into the solid state. The high mechanical anisotropy of the molecules favors formation of complex structures. Microscopy has been used to develop an understanding of these microstructures and to describe them in a fundamental structural model. Preparation methods used include microtomy, etching, fracture and sonication for study by optical and electron microscopy techniques, which have been described for polymers. The model accounts for the macrostructures and microstructures observed in highly oriented fibers and films.Rod-like liquid crystalline polymers produce oriented materials because they have extended chain structures in the solid state. These polymers have found application as high modulus fibers and films with unique properties due to the formation of ordered solutions (lyotropic) or melts (thermotropic) which transform easily into highly oriented, extended chain structures in the solid state.

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