Pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate reserve in the stem enhances the sink strength of inferior spikelets during grain filling of rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Fu ◽  
Zuanhua Huang ◽  
Zhiqin Wang ◽  
Jianchnag Yang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserve ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

scholarly journals The Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling is Affected by Sugar Translocation Efficiency in Large Panicle Rice

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yao Deng ◽  
Honglei Zhu ◽  
Yuxiang Hu ◽  
Zhengrong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Abstract Background Large panicle rice has a large sink capacity, but inferior spikelet filling is poor in this variety of rice due to asynchronous grain filling. The understanding of the factors that cause asynchronous grain filling will help to propose a model for how to regulate the rice inferior spikelets grain filling. Results In this study, two large panicle rice varieties, W1844 and CJ03, with the same sink capacity but with differences in asynchronous grain filling were used. The difference in the grain filling rate between superior and inferior spikelets in W1844 was much smaller than that in CJ03. We found that superior spikelet filling was initiated earlier in W1844 than in CJ03. The source-to-sink translocation rate of sucrose during the grain filling stage was more efficient in W1844 than in CJ03, and the gene expression levels of sucrose transporters (OsSUTs) were higher in W1844 functional leaves than in those of CJ03. In addition, carbon output, the transport ratio, and the contribution rate from the stem and sheath to the panicle were much higher at the early filling stage than at later filling stages in W1844. Conclusion Efficient sugar translocation can satisfy high sink strength, and also the strong sink activity can facilitate the sugar unloading in spikelets. All the above results indicate that an efficient sugar translocation rate at the early grain filling stage can improve sink strength and inferior grain filling initiation. Strategies to limit asynchronous grain filling in rice were also discussed based on our findings.

Post-Anthesis Changes in Concentrations of Polyamines in Superior and Inferior Spikelets and Their Relation with Grain Filling of Super Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2225-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Lu TAN ◽  
Hao ZHANG ◽  
Jing FU ◽  
Zhi-Qin WANG ◽  
Li-Jun LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Inferior Spikelets

Postanthesis green area duration in a semidwarf and a standard-height wheat cultivar as affected by sink strength

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Slafer ◽  
R Savin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
The University

Postanthesis green area duration (GAD) has been associated frequently with yield. The senescence pattern of green organs is a major component of GAD. It has been proposed that delayed or accelerated senescence is strongly controlled by environmental conditions and the level of source or sink limitation on grain growth. In particular, it has been generally reported that the removal of reproductive structures delays the senescence process. However, results reporting this effect in wheat are not conclusive. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of The University of Melbourne comprising a factorial combination of a semidwarf and a standard-height wheat, and two levels of sink strength. At anthesis, 20 main shoots were tagged and detillered. Ten days after anthesis all the spikelets from one side of 10 tagged ears were removed by hand. The experiment was performed under natural, and 3 h-extended photoperiods from seedling emergence to heading. The photoperiod treatments induced differing grain filling environments and differing plant characteristics at onset of grain filling. Green area senescence was similar for both sink size treatments at any combination of cultivar and grain filling condition, indicating that the dynamics of plant senescence was insensitive to a severe reduction in number of grains per spike. Therefore, GAD was not significantly affected by the reduction in sink strength. The number of grains per spike were reduced to ca. 50% due to trimming. Therefore, source-sink ratio was doubled, but no significant changes in individual grain weight were found. There was no relationship between GAD and individual grain weight, confirming that grain growth in field-grown wheat is not limited by the strength of the source. Alternatively, our results confirmed that field-grown wheat is sink-limited during grain filling and that the likely accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in leaves does not affect the onset or rate of senescence.

scholarly journals The 14‐3‐3 protein GF 14f negatively affects grain filling of inferior spikelets of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixing Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Fengliang Huang ◽  
Jifang Long ◽  
Guo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Inferior Spikelets

Characterisation of a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, OsINV2, for growth and yield-related traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamitha R. Morey ◽  
Tatsuro Hirose ◽  
Yoichi Hashida ◽  
Akio Miyao ◽  
Hirohiko Hirochika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Overexpression Phenotype

OsINV2, a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, was assessed for its functional roles in plant growth and development with key focus on its agronomic traits such as grain weight, grain filling percentage, grain number and dry weights at various stages until harvest. Lack of differences between the wild-type and the mutants with respect to any of the aforementioned traits tested revealed a possibility of functional compensation of OsINV2 in the mutants conceivably by its isoform. This was confirmed by OsINV2 promoter::GUS studies, where its spatial and temporal expression in the panicle elongation stages showed that although OsINV2 expression was observed from the stage with young panicles ~1 cm in length to the flag leaf stage, significant differences with respect to panicle and spikelet phenotypes between the wild-type and the mutant were not present. However, complement lines displaying an overexpression phenotype of OsINV2 possessed a higher stem non-structural carbohydrate content under both monoculm and normal tillering conditions. A trade-off between the spikelet number and grain weight in the complement lines grown under monoculm conditions was also observed, pointing towards the necessity of OsINV2 regulation for grain yield-related traits.

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic determination of ABA's effects on grain-filling of Oryza sativa L. inferior spikelets

Plant Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 185-186 ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixing Zhang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Shisheng Lin ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
Ronghuai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Inferior Spikelets

Effects of Panicle Nitrogen Fertilization on Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Grain Filling in Indica Rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-mei ZHENG ◽  
Yan-feng DING ◽  
Zheng-hui LIU ◽  
Shao-hua WANG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Developing perennial fruit crop models in APSIM Next Generation using grapevine as an example

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqi Zhu ◽  
Amber Parker ◽  
Fang Gou ◽  
Rob Agnew ◽  
Linlin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserve

Abstract A new model for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) is the first perennial fruit crop model using the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) Next Generation framework. Modules for phenology, light interception, carbohydrate allocation, yield formation and berry composition were adapted or added into APSIM Next Generation to represent the nature of fruit-bearing vines. The simulated grapevine phenological cycle starts with the dormancy phase triggered by a critical photoperiod in autumn, and then goes through the subsequent phenophases sequentially and finally returns to dormancy for a new cycle. The canopy microclimate module within APSIM Next Generation was extended to allow for row crop light interception. The carbohydrate arbitrator was enhanced to consider both sink strength and sink priority to reflect carbohydrate reserve as a concurrent competing sink. Weather conditions and source-sink ratio at critical developmental stages were used to determine potential grapevine yield components e.g., bunch number, berry number and berry fresh weight. The model was calibrated and tested extensively using four detailed datasets. The model captured the variations in the timing of measured budburst, flowering and véraison over 15 seasons across New Zealand for five different varieties. The calculated seasonal dynamics of light interception by the row and alley were consistent with field observations. The model also reproduced the dynamics of dry matter and carbohydrate reserve of different organs, and the wide variation in yield components caused by seasonal weather conditions and pruning regimes. The modelling framework developed in this work can also be used for other perennial fruit crops.

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