Effects of testosterone and estrogen treatment on lipolysis signaling pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue of postmenopausal women

The accumulation of visceral fat is independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of visceral adipose tissue area (VAT; computed tomography) is related to improvements in maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) during a weight loss (250–350 kcal/day deficit) and walking (3 days/wk, 30–40 min) intervention. Forty obese [body fat 47 ± 1 (SE) %], sedentary (V˙o 2 max 19 ± 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1) postmenopausal women (age 62 ± 1 yr) participated in the study. The intervention resulted in significant declines in body weight (−8%), total fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; −17%), VAT (−17%), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (−17%) with no change in lean body mass (all P < 0.001). Women with an average 10% increase in V˙o 2 max reduced VAT by an average of 20%, whereas those who did not increaseV˙o 2 max decreased VAT by only 10%, despite comparable reductions in body fat, fat mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area. The decrease in VAT was independently related to the change in V˙o 2 max( r 2 = 0.22; P < 0.01) and fat mass ( r 2 = 0.08; P = 0.05). These data indicate that greater improvements inV˙o 2 max with weight loss and walking are associated with greater reductions in visceral adiposity in obese postmenopausal women.

Download Full-text

Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-0422 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 167 (4) ◽

pp. 543-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lars Christian Gormsen ◽

Christian Høst ◽

Britta Eilersen Hjerrild ◽

Steen Bønløkke Pedersen ◽

Søren Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Lipid ◽

Receptor Mrna ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

ContextEstradiol (E2) promotes and maintains the female phenotype characterized by subcutaneous fat accumulation. There is evidence to suggest that this effect is due to increased anti-lipolytic α2A-adrenergic receptors, but whether this requires long-term exposure to E2or is an immediate effect is not clear.ObjectiveTo study acute effects of a single dose (4 mg) of 17β-E2on regional and systemic lipolysis.MethodsSixteen postmenopausal women (age, 59±5 years; weight, 67±10 kg; and BMI, 24.8±2.9) were studied in a crossover design: i) placebo and ii) 4 mg E2. Basal and adrenaline-stimulated regional lipolysis was assessed by microdialysis and substrate oxidation rates by indirect calorimetry. Tissue biopsies were obtained to assess lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA expression of adrenergic, estrogen, cytokine, and vascular reactivity receptors.ResultsAcute E2stimulation significantly attenuated catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (interstitial glycerol concentration (micromole/liter) ANOVA time vs treatment interaction,P=0.01) and lipolysis in general in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA treatment alone,P<0.05). E2also reduced basal lipid oxidation ((mg/kg per min) placebo, 0.58±0.06 vs E2, 0.45±0.03;P=0.03) and induced a significantly higher expression of anti-lipolytic α2A-adrenergic receptor mRNA (P=0.02) in skeletal muscle tissue as well as an upregulation ofeNOS(NOS3) mRNA (P=0.02).ConclusionE2acutely attenuates the lipolytic response to catecholamines in subcutaneous adipose tissue, shifts muscular adrenergic receptor mRNA toward anti-lipolytic α2A-receptors, decreases whole body lipid oxidation, and enhances expression of markers of vascular reactivity.

Download Full-text

Subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution and serum lipid/lipoprotein in unmedicated postmenopausal women: A B-mode ultrasound study

Imaging ◽

10.1556/1647.2021.00022 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takashi Abe ◽

Vickie Wong ◽

Zachary W. Bell ◽

Robert W. Spitz ◽

Scott J. Dankel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Adipose Tissue Distribution ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:It has been observed that gluteal-femoral adipose tissue has a protective effect against risk factors for cardiovascular disease but has not yet been concluded how different evaluation methods of fat distribution affect the results.Methods:To test the hypothesis that B-mode ultrasound-measured subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, 326 Japanese unmedicated postmenopausal women aged 50-70 years were analyzed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at 6 sites (anterior and posterior aspects of trunk, upper-arm, and thigh) and serum total (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was measured, and a ratio of HDLC to TC (HDLC/TC) was calculated. We used Bayesian linear regression with 4 separate models with each model predicting HDLC/TC.Results:Our first model provided evidence for an inverse correlation (r = –0.23) between ultrasound measured body fat (6 site measurement) and HDLC/TC. The second model noted evidence for an inverse correlation between trunk fat and HDLC/TC and found evidence for the null with respect to the correlation between thigh fat and HDLC/TC. Therefore, we added thigh fat to the null model to produce Distribution Model 2. Within this model, we noted an inverse correlation (r = –0.353) between trunk fat and HDLC/TC. Our last model determined that within the trunk fatness, the abdominal area (anterior trunk) was a larger predictor than the subscapular site (posterior trunk).Conclusion:These results support the evidence that ultrasound-measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness is a non-invasive predictor for monitoring the risk for dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women.

Download Full-text

TNF-α Gene Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Associated with HOMA in Asian Indian Postmenopausal Women

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1358706 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (02) ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

S. Tiwari ◽

B. Paul ◽

S. Kumar ◽

A. Chandra ◽

S. Dhananjai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Asian Indian ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Download Full-text

Dysregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in overweight postmenopausal women

Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society ◽

10.1097/gme.0b013e3181c12b26 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jonas Andersson ◽

Lars-Göran Sjöström ◽

Marcus Karlsson ◽

Urban Wiklund ◽

Magnus Hultin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Download Full-text

Macrophage Phenotypes in the Adipose Tissue of Postmenopausal Women

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933150 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. S427-S433

Author(s):

A. KRÁLOVÁ ◽

I. KRÁLOVÁ LESNÁ ◽

J. FRONĚK ◽

S. ČEJKOVÁ ◽

A. SEKERKOVÁ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Kidney Donors ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Living Kidney Donors ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Atherosclerosis pathology is the interplay between high intravascular LDL particle concentration and monocyte/macrophage presence within the sub-endothelial space of the artery. In this project, phenotypes of macrophages connected with subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue of living kidney donors were studied. Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue of living kidney donors (n=36) were exposed to collagenase. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was eluted from the samples, then labeled with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD14 and anti-calprotectin), conjugated with fluorochromes and analyzed by flow cytometry. The positive correlation between the number of total macrophages and calprotectin-positive macrophages with BMI in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of postmenopausal women was demonstrated (p<0.05; R=0.43 and p<0.01; R=0.60), whereas no positive correlation in premenopausal women and men was shown. In conclusion, we documented a significant effect of BMI increase on the presence of total macrophages in adipose tissue of postmenopausal women, in contrast to premenopausal women. This difference was much more pronounced when proinflammatory macrophages with membrane-bound calprotectin were analyzed.

Download Full-text