scholarly journals Reductions in visceral fat during weight loss and walking are associated with improvements inV˙o 2 max

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Lynch ◽  
Barbara J. Nicklas ◽  
Dora M. Berman ◽  
Karen E. Dennis ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The accumulation of visceral fat is independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of visceral adipose tissue area (VAT; computed tomography) is related to improvements in maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) during a weight loss (250–350 kcal/day deficit) and walking (3 days/wk, 30–40 min) intervention. Forty obese [body fat 47 ± 1 (SE) %], sedentary (V˙o 2 max 19 ± 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1) postmenopausal women (age 62 ± 1 yr) participated in the study. The intervention resulted in significant declines in body weight (−8%), total fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; −17%), VAT (−17%), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (−17%) with no change in lean body mass (all P < 0.001). Women with an average 10% increase in V˙o 2 max reduced VAT by an average of 20%, whereas those who did not increaseV˙o 2 max decreased VAT by only 10%, despite comparable reductions in body fat, fat mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area. The decrease in VAT was independently related to the change in V˙o 2 max( r 2 = 0.22; P < 0.01) and fat mass ( r 2 = 0.08; P = 0.05). These data indicate that greater improvements inV˙o 2 max with weight loss and walking are associated with greater reductions in visceral adiposity in obese postmenopausal women.

Association of subcutaneous and visceral fat with circulating microRNAs in a middle-aged Japanese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Munetsuna ◽  
Hiroya Yamada ◽  
Yoshitaka Ando ◽  
Mirai Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshiki Tsuboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
High Group ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Purpose It has been demonstrated that circulating microRNA profiles are affected by physiological conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of adiposity. However, few have investigated the relationship between circulating microRNAs and obesity, which has become a major public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the association between circulating microRNAs and obesity in a Japanese population. Methods Obesity parameters, such as subcutaneous and visceral fat adipose tissue, body fat percentage, and body mass index were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 526 participants who attended health examinations in Yakumo, Japan. In addition, five circulating microRNAs (miR-20a, -21, -27a, -103a, and -320), which are involved in adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results We compared the circulating microRNA concentrations in a percentile greater than 75th (high) with below the value (low) of subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral fat adipose tissue, body mass index, and per cent body fat. For visceral fat adipose tissue, significant decrease in miR-320 expression was observed in high group. Also, for body mass index, significant change of miR-20a, -27a, 103a, and 320 expression level was observed in high group. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that circulating levels of some microRNA such as miR-27a were significantly associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral fat adipose tissue, and body mass index. Conclusions Our findings support the need for further studies to determine whether such changes are consistent across different populations and whether the identified microRNAs may represent novel biomarkers to predict the susceptibility and progression of obesity-related disorders.

scholarly journals Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giannopoulou ◽  
L. L. Ploutz-Snyder ◽  
R. Carhart ◽  
R. S. Weinstock ◽  
B. Fernhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat

This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss, a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet, and diet plus exercise (D+E) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (body mass index, 34.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were assigned to one of three interventions: a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet alone, exercise alone (EX), and D+E for 14 wk. Aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and postintervention. Body weight (∼4.5 kg) and percent body fat (∼5%) were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) with the D and D+E intervention, whereas only percent body fat (∼2.3%) decreased with EX. Total abdominal fat and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were reduced with the D and D+E interventions (P &lt; 0.05), whereas visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased with the D+E and EX intervention, but not with the D intervention. EX resulted in a reduction in total abdominal fat, VAT, and SAT (P &lt; 0.05) despite the lack of weight loss. The reductions in total abdominal fat and SAT explained 32.7% and 9.7%, respectively, of the variability in the changes in fasting glucose levels, whereas the reductions in VAT explained 15.9% of the changes in fasting insulin levels (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, modest weight loss, through either D or D+E, resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, SAT, and glycemic status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; however, the addition of exercise to diet is necessary for VAT loss. These data demonstrate the importance of exercise in the treatment of women with type 2 diabetes.

Gain without pain: beyond sport effortless exercise solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Xanya Sofra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Ageing is associated with decreased metabolism, increased toxicity, decreased skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and increased visceral fat deposits that compromise the normal functioning of vital organs such as the liver, pancreas and intestines, increasing the risk of a number of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Visceral adipose tissue holds large amounts of toxins that alter thyroid hormone metabolism, lowering resting metabolic rate (RMR). Strenuous physical exercise can reach these deeper visceral adipose tissue layers. However, excessive exercise is necessary to reduce visceral adipose tissue elevates cortisol while decreasing testosterone. The hormonal imbalance resulting from this inverse cortisol/testosterone relationship ultimately leads to weight gain, despite all the efforts invested in physical activity. On the other hand, lack of exercise allows for accumulation of toxicity and increased vulnerability to chronic physical disorders. Energy-based technologies report successful results in reducing subcutaneous fat layers; however, data is not currently available about methods that can reduce deeper visceral adipose tissue and relieve the system from visceral fat cells stuffed with excess triglycerides. In this study, we examined hormone and cholesterol fluctuations in the blood tests of eight subjects undergoing six 45 minutes of effortless exercise sessions with a novel London University invention. We also explored changes in their visceral adipose tissue, overall body fat mass, SMM, basic metabolic rate (BMR), waist and abdomen reduction in centimetres (cm) and overall weight loss in kilograms (kg). Subjects' results revealed a statistically significant increase in triiodothyronine (Free T3), accompanied by a significant decrease in the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides. Cortisol did not show statistically significant fluctuations. There was a statistically significant decrease in visceral adipose tissue and overall body fat mass and a statistically significant increase in SMM. Waist and abdomen cm loss, and weight loss in kgs were statistically significant, demonstrating a substantial decrease in cm and kgs in all subjects that persisted a week after the last treatment. Results of this study supported the hypothesis that this method of effortless exercise can reduce both overall body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue and VLDL, while increasing SMM and the metabolic hormone free T3, without the aid of diet or change in lifestyle.

Association of superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue with body fat mass in four ethnic groups

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
S. Kohli ◽  
A.N. Farias-Godoy ◽  
A. Sniderman ◽  
A. Tchernof ◽  
S.A. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Insulin resistance, systemic and regional inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue during weight loss in a population with obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique Van de Velde ◽  
Margriet Ouwens ◽  
Arsene-Helene Batens ◽  
Samyah Shadid ◽  
Bruno Lapauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced weight loss on the transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José González-Plaza ◽  
Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso ◽  
Sara García-Serrano ◽  
Francisca Rodriguez-Pacheco ◽  
Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transcriptomic Profiling ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Resistive training increases fat-free mass and maintains RMR despite weight loss in postmenopausal women

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryan ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
D. Elahi ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Resistive Training

Percent body fat increases with age and is often accompanied by a loss in muscle mass, strength, and energy expenditure. The effects of 16 wk of resistive training (RT) alone or with weight loss (RTWL) on strength (isokinetic dynamometer), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), and sympathetic nervous system activity (catecholamines) were examined in 15 postmenopausal women (50–69 yr). RT resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength in both groups (P < 0.01). The nonobese women in the RT group (n = 8) did not change their body weight or fat mass with training. In the obese RTWL group (n = 7), body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass and RMR significantly increased with training in both groups combined (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting arterialized plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine levels in either group with training. RT increases strength with and without weight loss. Furthermore, RT and RTWL increase fat-free mass and RMR and decrease percent fat in postmenopausal women. Thus, RT may be a valuable component of an integrated weight management program in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Association of fat mass profile with natriuretic peptide receptor alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue of medication-free healthy men: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Petros C. Dinas ◽  
Eleni Nintou ◽  
Dimitra Psychou ◽  
Marnie Granzotto ◽  
Marco Rossato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Atrial natriuretic peptide increases lipolysis in human adipocytes by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA). The aim of the current study was to examine the associations of NPRA mRNA of subcutaneous adipose tissue with fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI) and arterial blood pressure in medication-free healthy men. Method: Thirty-two volunteers [age (years): 36.06±7.36, BMI: 27.60±4.63 (kg/m2)] underwent assessments of body height/weight, % fat mass, fat-free mass (kg), blood pressure, and a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy via a surgical technique. Results: We found that NPRA mRNA was negatively associated with % fat mass (r=-0.40, R2=0.16, p=0.03) and BMI (r=-0.45, R2=0.20, p=0.01). Cohen’s f2 effect size analyses showed a small effect size between NPRA mRNA and BMI (f2=0.25). One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed a tendency for mean differences of NPRA mRNA across BMI categories (p=0.06). This was confirmed by Cohen’s d effect size analyses revealing a large effect size of NPRA mRNA between obese individuals (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and either normal weight (BMI=19-25 kg/m2; d=0.94) or overweight (BMI=25-30 kg/m2; d=1.12) individuals. Conclusions: NPRA mRNA is negatively associated with % fat mass and BMI in medication-free healthy men, suggesting a possible role of NPRA in the control of fat mass accumulation.

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