The impact of body mass index (BMI) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (DMII) in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

As there is controversy about the prevalence of hypertension in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and, up to the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on blood pressure levels (BP) in these patients, we studied retrospectively sixty-nine patients with PCOS, with BMI of 29.0 ± 6.7 kg/m² and aged 25.6 ± 5.6 yr, subdivided into three groups according to BMI (normal, overweight and obese) and evaluated regarding BP (mercury sphygmomanometer), basal hormonal profile, fasting glucose, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were normal (118.1 ± 17.0 and 74.7 ± 11.5 mmHg, respectively), with a hypertension prevalence of 20.3%. Of these patients, 78.6% were obese and 21.4% were overweight. When the groups were compared according to BMI, a significant increase in SBP and DBP was observed (higher in overweight and obese patients for SBP and higher in obese for DBP), as well as a significant progressive increase in glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and a significant progressive decline in LH levels. When the patients were subdivided as normotensive or hypertensive, a significant difference was observed only for BMI (28.2 ± 6.1 and 34.7 ± 8.6 kg/m², respectively; p = 0.007). In conclusion, we observed a significant and progressive impact of BMI on blood pressure levels in our patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Assessment of Psycho-emotional Distress Due to Age, Body Mass Index, and Marital Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North Indian Population

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2020.59 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 368-375

Author(s):

Fauzia Tabassum ◽

Hemali Heidi Sinha ◽

Kavita Dhar ◽

Chandra Jyoti ◽

Md Sayeed Akhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Marital Status ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder in reproductive age having a greater impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to find out PCOS demographics and its related HRQOL effects for improving psychological understanding in disease management. Materials and Methods: A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted for a period of twelve months at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India. The data of 100 PCOS cases were collected about socio-demographic status, clinical history, and dietary intake. Then, a validated PCOS questionnaire (PCOSQ) was used to observe the impact of PCOS symptoms on patients’ HRQOL. Results: The overall 57% and 48% of PCOS cases belonged to the age range of 20-30 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of >25-30, respectively. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of PCOSQ vs. marital status in PCOS cases with respect to emotion (P=0.039), body weight (P=0.002), and infertility (P=0.001). Furthermore, the result showed a significant difference in the domain of emotion (P=0.008), body hair (P=0.035), body weight (P<0.001), and infertility (P=0.018) among BMI group, and a high score was observed in the BMI group <18 in comparison to the other groups of BMI. Conclusions: In general, our findings indicated that infertility, emotions, and BMI had extremely higher impacts on the HRQOL of women suffering from PCOS although their educational status failed to affect HRQOL.

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Prevalence of abnormalities of glucose metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302007000400015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 601-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cristiano R.G. Barcellos ◽

Michelle P. Rocha ◽

Sylvia A.Y. Hayashida ◽

Márcia Nery ◽

José A.M. Marcondes

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

The Body ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Impact

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present a higher risk for abnormalities of glucose metabolism (AGM). For to study this in our population, we submitted 85 patients, with body mass index (BMI) of 28.5 ± 6.6 kg/m² and aged 25.5 ± 5.4 years old, to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and assessed the impact of BMI on the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and of diabetes mellitus (DM). The states of glucose tolerance were classified considering fasting plasma glucose (FPG) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criterion and plasma glucose at 120 minutes according to the Word Health Organization (WHO) criterion. According to the ADA criteria, 83.5% classified as normal and 16.5% as with AGM, with 15.3% presenting impaired fasting glucose and 1.2% DM, while according to the WHO criteria, 68.2% were classified as normal and 31.8% as with AGM, with 27.0% of them presenting IGT and 4.8% DM. Seventy-three percent of PCOS patients with IGT by WHO criterion had normal FPG by ADA criterion. The prevalence of AGM for both criteria increased with the body mass index. In conclusion, we found a higher prevalence of AGM in PCOS patients than that found in the general population, being the highest in obese patients. Glycemia at 120 minutes on the OGTT identified more patients with AGM than fasting glycemia. We recommended that the assessment of AGM must be done by the OGTT in all patients with PCOS.

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P929 The impact of body mass index on metabolic and reproductive parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62416-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. S674-S674

Author(s):

S. Edelstein ◽

Z. Van der Spuy

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Impact

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The Impact of Obesity on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc18-1738 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 560-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nadira S. Kakoly ◽

Arul Earnest ◽

Helena J. Teede ◽

Lisa J. Moran ◽

Anju E. Joham

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Impact

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The Major Impact of Obesity on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in Women With PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A746-A747

Author(s):

Panagiotis Anagnostis ◽

Rodis Paparodis ◽

Julia Bosdou ◽

Christina Bothou ◽

Dimitrios G Goulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background/Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with disordered carbohydrate metabolism and an increased risk for T2D. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of this risk. Furthermore, 50-80% of women with PCOS are obese and obesity is known to have a synergistic deleterious effect on glucose tolerance in affected women. We systematically reviewed the literature regarding the association between PCOS, obesity and T2D risk. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases. Data are expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. The available data, did not allow us to analyze the impact of weight status as normal, overweight and obese and as a consequence the studied subjects were stratified as obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI<30kg/m2). Results: Twelve studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 224,284 participants (45,361 PCOS and 5,717 T2DM cases). Women with PCOS had a higher risk of T2D compared with to unaffected women (RR 3.13, 95% CI, 2.83-3.47, p<0.001; I2 40.1%). When women with PCOS were stratified according to the presence or absence of obesity, the RR for developing T2D in obese compared with non-obese women with PCOS was 4.20 (95% CI 1.97-9.10; p<0.001). Moreover, compared to control women, the RR for developing T2D was significantly increased only in obese PCOS, RR 4.06 (95% CI 2.75-5.98; p<0.001). There was a trend toward significantly increased risk in non-obese PCOS women [RR 2.68 (95% CI 0.97-7.49; p=0.06). Conclusion: Women with PCOS have a >3-fold increased risk of T2D compared to women without PCOS, but this risk is substantially increased by the presence of obesity. Accordingly, weight reduction should be pursued in these women. References: 1. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes. 1989;38(9):1165-1174.2. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(1):165-169.3. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(1):141-146.4. Rubin KH, Glintborg D, Nybo M, Abrahamsen B, Andersen M. Development and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a nationwide population of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(10):3848-3857.

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In-Vitro Fertilization Outcome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of Age and Maternal Body Weight

Women Health Care and Issues ◽

10.31579/2642-9756/056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Zahra Naeiji ◽

Shahrzad Zademodares ◽

Masoumeh Abbaspour ◽

Maryam Anbarluei ◽

Nayereh Rahmati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Hormonal Profile ◽

The Impact

Objective: to evaluate the impact of pre-gestational maternal age and body weight on the outcome of IVF in women with PCOS. Design: a retrospective study on women with PCOS undergoing IVF. Methods: Medical records of 200 known cases of polycystic ovary syndrome women treated in a third level referral center by the same therapeutic protocol were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, maternal body mass index, hormonal profile (LH, FSH, estradiol, anti-mullerian), IVF cycle parameters and outcome were documented. Patients were classified to three groups based on their body mass index (Normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight: 25-30, obese≥30). IVF cycle parameters and outcome were compared in these 3 groups. Effect of age was also evaluated by comparing the results in patients aged <35 and ≥35. Results: Mean age of patients was 32.5 (±5.2). 72 patients had normal BMI, 85 patients were overweighed and 43 cases were obese. Baseline hormonal profile was similar in 3 groups. Total dose of administered FSH were similar in 3 groups. Number of retrieved oocytes was statistically significant higher in patients with BMI>30 but the number of mature oocytes and number of embryos were statistically lower in this group. Size of follicles showed no statistically significant difference in 3 groups. Clinical pregnancy rate was statistically significant lower in patients with BMI>30 kg/m2 and age>35 years old. Conclusions: BMI>30 and age >35 years old has a statistically significant negative impact on IVF success rate.

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