Role of AREA, a regulator of nitrogen metabolism, during colonization of maize kernels and fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun Kim ◽  
C.P. Woloshuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Maize Kernels

Maize lipids play a pivotal role in the fumonisin accumulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dall'Asta ◽  
P. Giorni ◽  
M. Cirlini ◽  
M. Reverberi ◽  
R. Gregori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

The role of lipids in maize – Fusarium verticillioides interaction and fumonisin production in natural field conditions were investigated. In 2010, ten maize hybrids were grown in fields located in 3 districts in Northern Italy and sampled at 4 growing stages, from early dough to full ripe. Chemical composition, fungal incidence and free and hidden fumonisin contamination were determined in all grain samples. All the hybrids considered within this study showed a strong fungal incidence, with Fusarium section Liseola as prevalent, already at the early dough maturity and along the ripening period. Fumonisins accumulated over the growing season and reached the maximum level at the full ripe stage; hidden fumonisins were found significant in all the considered samples (~57% of the free form at harvest). Hybrid H9 showed more than 50% of kernels infected by Aspergillus flavus and no hidden fumonisins were detected. This finding stresses the relevance of monitoring both free and total fumonisins for a comprehensive assessment of consumer exposure to mycotoxins. Previous studies showed a positive correlation between the content of linoleic acid and fumonisin accumulation into maize kernels infected with Fusarium section Liseola. Hence, an untargeted and targeted lipid analysis of maize kernels along the growing season and at harvest was performed. Results suggested a significant involvement of lipid composition of maize kernels in fungal infection and toxin accumulation. Specifically, mass spectrometry data pinpointed that at least 4 lipid entities might differentiate high-contaminated from low-contaminated samples when the cut-off of 2,000 μg/kg of fumonisins was selected. Among them, the oxylipin 9-HODE and three sphingolipids were identified. These results suggest that sphingolipid and oxylipin metabolism in maize kernels interferes with F. verticillioides growth and fumonisin production in plants growing in field.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
Manuel Salustri ◽  
Valeria Scala ◽  
Matteo Ludovici ◽  
Andrea Cacciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxylipin, and sphingolipid levels in planta and how these changes affect F. verticillioides growth in maize. The identity and levels of principal fatty acids, oxylipins, and over 50 sphingolipids were evaluated by chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in maize infected with an F. verticillioides fumonisin-producing wild-type strain and a fumonisin-deficient mutant, after different periods of growth. Plant hormones associated with defense responses, i.e., salicylic and jasmonic acid, were also evaluated. We suggest that fumonisins produced by F. verticillioides alter maize lipid metabolism, which help switch fungal growth from a relatively harmless endophyte to a destructive necrotroph.

Transcriptional changes in developing maize kernels in response to fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides

Plant Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lanubile ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
Robert H. Proctor ◽  
Adriano Marocco
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Fusarium verticillioides FvPex8 is a key component of peroxisomal docking/translocation module that serves important roles in fumonisin biosynthesis but not in virulence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Yu ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
Minghui Peng ◽  
Huijuan Yan ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Peroxisome Membrane

AbstractPeroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells that fulfill various important metabolic functions. In this study, we investigated the role of Docking/Translocation Module (DTM) peroxins, mainly FvPex8, FvPex13, FvPex14, and FvPex33, in Fusarium verticillioides virulence and fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis. Protein interaction experiments suggested that FvPex13 serves as the core subunit of F. verticillioides DTM. When we generated gene deletion mutants (ΔFvpex8, ΔFvpex13, ΔFvpex14, ΔFvpex33, ΔFvpex33/14) and examined whether the expression of other peroxin genes were affected in the DTM mutants, ΔFvpex8 strain showed most drastic changes to PEX gene expression profiles. Deletion mutants exhibited disparity in carbon source utilization and defect in cell wall integrity when stress agents were applied. Under nutrient starvation, mutants also showed higher levels of lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, ΔFvpex8 mutant showed significant FB1 reduction and altered expression of FUM1 and FUM19 genes. However, FvPex13 was primarily responsible for virulence, while ΔFvpex33/14 double mutant also showed virulence defect. In summary, our study suggests that FvPex13 is the core component of DTM, regulating peroxisome membrane biogenesis as well as PTS1- and PTS2-mediated transmembrane cargo transportation. Importantly, we predict FvPex8 as a key component in DTM that affects peroxisome function in FB1 biosynthesis in F. verticillioides.

scholarly journals Metabolic Switching of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Hypoxia Is Controlled by the Virulence Regulator PhoP

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Ranjan Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Vijjamarri ◽  
Dibyendu Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolic Switching ◽  
Virulence Regulator

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis retains the ability to establish an asymptomatic latent infection. A fundamental question in mycobacterial physiology is to understand the mechanisms involved in hypoxic stress, a critical player in persistence. Here, we show that the virulence regulator PhoP responds to hypoxia, the dormancy signal, and effectively integrates hypoxia with nitrogen metabolism. We also provide evidence to demonstrate that both under nitrogen limiting conditions and during hypoxia, phoP locus controls key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Consistently, under hypoxia a ΔphoP strain shows growth attenuation even with surplus nitrogen, the alternate electron acceptor, and complementation of the mutant restores bacterial growth. Together, our observations provide new biological insights into the role of PhoP in integrating nitrogen metabolism with hypoxia by the assistance of the hypoxia regulator DosR. The results have significant implications on the mechanism of intracellular survival and growth of the tubercle bacilli under a hypoxic environment within the phagosome. IMPORTANCE M. tuberculosis retains the unique ability to establish an asymptomatic latent infection. To understand the mechanisms involved in hypoxic stress which play a critical role in persistence, we show that the virulence regulator PhoP is linked to hypoxia, the dormancy signal. In keeping with this, phoP was shown to play a major role in M. tuberculosis growth under hypoxia even in the presence of surplus nitrogen, the alternate electron acceptor. Our results showing regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes provide new biological insights into role of the virulence regulator in metabolic switching by sensing hypoxia and integrating nitrogen metabolism with hypoxia by the assistance of the hypoxia regulator DosR.

Re-print of “Intestinal luminal nitrogen metabolism: Role of the gut microbiota and consequences for the host”

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Davila ◽  
François Blachier ◽  
Martin Gotteland ◽  
Mireille Andriamihaja ◽  
Pierre-Henri Benetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism

The pericarp and its surface wax layer in maize kernels as resistance factors to fumonisin accumulation by Fusarium verticillioides

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Sampietro ◽  
M.A. Vattuone ◽  
D.A. Presello ◽  
C.M. Fauguel ◽  
C.A.N. Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Role of Ureolytic Activity in Bacillus cereus Nitrogen Metabolism and Acid Survival

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2370-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Mols ◽  
Tjakko Abee
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Acid Shock ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The presence and activities of urease genes were investigated in 49 clinical, food, and environmental Bacillus cereus isolates. Ten strains were shown to have urease genes, with eight of these strains showing growth on urea as the sole nitrogen source. Two of the urease-positive strains, including the sequenced strain ATCC 10987, could not use urea for growth, despite their capacities to produce active urease. These observations can be explained by the inability of the two strains to use ammonium as a nitrogen source. The impact of urea hydrolysis on acid stress resistance was subsequently assessed among the ureolytic B. cereus strains. However, none of the strains displayed increased fitness under acidic conditions or showed enhanced acid shock survival in the presence of urea. Expression analysis of urease genes in B. cereus ATCC 10987 revealed a low level of expression of these genes and a lack of pH-, nitrogen-, urea-, oxygen-, and growth phase-dependent modulation of mRNA transcription. This is in agreement with the low urease activity observed in strain ATCC 10987 and the other nine strains tested. Although a role for B. cereus ureolytic activity in acid survival cannot be excluded, its main role appears to be in nitrogen metabolism, where ammonium may be provided to the cells in nitrogen-limited, urea-containing environments.

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