Antibacterial mechanism of thymol against Enterobacter sakazakii

Sprouted vegetable seeds used as food have been implicated as sources of outbreaks of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. We profiled the microbiological quality of sprouts and seeds sold at retail shops in Seoul, Korea. Ninety samples of radish sprouts and mixed sprouts purchased at department stores, supermarkets, and traditional markets and 96 samples of radish, alfalfa, and turnip seeds purchased from online stores were analyzed to determine the number of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and molds or yeasts (MY) and the incidence of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Enterobacter sakazakii. Significantly higher numbers of TAB (7.52 log CFU/g) and MY (7.36 log CFU/g) were present on mixed sprouts than on radish sprouts (6.97 and 6.50 CFU/g, respectively). Populations of TAB and MY on the sprouts were not significantly affected by location of purchase. Radish seeds contained TAB and MY populations of 4.08 and 2.42 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas populations of TAB were only 2.54 to 2.84 log CFU/g and populations of MY were 0.82 to 1.69 log CFU/g on alfalfa and turnip seeds, respectively. Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected on any of the sprout and seed samples tested. E. sakazakii was not found on seeds, but 13.3% of the mixed sprout samples contained this potentially pathogenic bacterium.

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Fluorescent Amphiphilic Quaternized β-Chitin: Antibacterial Mechanism and Cell Imaging

ACS Applied Bio Materials ◽

10.1021/acsabm.1c00179 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Xu ◽

Fang Xie ◽

Yiwen Lu ◽

Pingdong Wei ◽

Jie Cai

Keyword(s):

Cell Imaging ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism

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Antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of ethanol extracts of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) and Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom)

International Journal of Environmental Health Research ◽

10.1080/09603123.2021.1919292 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism ◽

Button Mushroom ◽

Ethanol Extracts

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Antibacterial mechanism of rhodomyrtone involves the disruption of nucleoid segregation checkpoint in Streptococcus suis

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01047-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Apichaya Traithan ◽

Pongsri Tongtawe ◽

Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul ◽

Supayang Voravuthikunchai ◽

Potjanee Srimanote

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Suis ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism

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Chitosan based antibacterial composite materials for leather industry: a review

Journal of Leather Science and Engineering ◽

10.1186/s42825-020-00045-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Linlin Yuan ◽

Qingda Yao ◽

Yongxian Liang ◽

Ye Dan ◽

Yixiao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Future Development ◽

Structural Unit ◽

Important Application ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism ◽

Leather Industry ◽

Preparation Methods

Abstract Chitosan is an amorphous translucent substance with a structural unit similar to the polysaccharide structure of the extracellular matrix, It has good antibacterial, biocompatible, and degradable properties. It has important application value in leather, water treatment, medicine, food and other fields, so chitosan and its modified products have received widespread attention. This article reviewed the preparation methods of chitosan-based antibacterial composites in recent years, including chitosan/collagen, chitosan/graphene, chitosan/tannic acid, and chitosan/polyethylene glycol composite materials, elaborates their modification methods and antibacterial mechanism were reviewed in detail, and its applications in the leather industry as antibacterial auxiliaries and water treatment antibacterial adsorption materials were discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges of chitosan-based composite materials in the leather industry were forecasted. Graphical abstract

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Enterobacter sakazakii in Dried Infant Formulas and Milk Kitchens of Maternity Wards in São Paulo, Brazil

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-72.1.37 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

GABRIELA PALCICH ◽

CINTIA de MORAES GILLIO ◽

LINA CASALE ARAGON-ALEGRO ◽

FRANCO J. PAGOTTO ◽

JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Powdered Infant Formula ◽

São Paulo ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii

This study was the first conducted in Brazil to evaluate the presence of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk-based powdered infant formula manufactured for infants 0 to 6 months of age and to examine the conditions of formula preparation and service in three hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples of dried and rehydrated infant formula, environments of milk kitchens, water, bottles and nipples, utensils, and hands of personnel were analyzed, and E. sakazakii and Enterobacteriaceae populations were determined. All samples of powdered infant formula purchased at retail contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 most probable number (MPN)/100 g. In hospital samples, E. sakazakii was found in one unopened formula can (0.3 MPN/100 g) and in the residue from one nursing bottle from hospital A. All other cans of formula from the same lot bought at a retail store contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 MPN/100 g. The pathogen also was found in one cleaning sponge from hospital B. Enterobacteriaceae populations ranged from 101 to 105 CFU/g in cleaning aids and <5 CFU/g in all formula types (dry or rehydrated), except for the sample that contained E. sakazakii, which also was contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae at 5 CFU/g. E. sakazakii isolates were not genetically related. In an experiment in which rehydrated formula was used as the growth medium, the temperature was that of the neonatal intensive care unit (25°C), and the incubation time was the average time that formula is left at room temperature while feeding the babies (up to 4 h), a 2-log increase in levels of E. sakazakii was found in the formula. Visual inspection of the facilities revealed that the hygienic conditions in the milk kitchens needed improvement. The length of time that formula is left at room temperature in the different hospitals while the babies in the neonatal intensive care unit are being fed (up to 4 h) may allow for the multiplication of E. sakazakii and thus may lead to an increased health risk for infants.

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Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from Stable Flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae)†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.671 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 671-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

F. MRAMBA ◽

A. BROCE ◽

L. ZUREK

Keyword(s):

16S Rdna ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽

Stable Flies ◽

16S Rdna Pcr ◽

Glucose Agar

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. Previously, it was suggested that stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, were a vector or reservoir of this pathogen. In our study, by means of a culturing approach combined with 16S rDNA PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and sequencing, we screened 928 individual stable flies collected in Kansas and Florida. Two stable flies (0.2%) were positive for E. sakazakii. In addition, 411 (44%) stable flies carried bacteria-forming red colonies (presumably enterics) on a violet red bile glucose agar (mean count = 6.4 × 104 CFU per fly), and 120 (13%) stable flies carried fecal coliforms (mean count = 8.7 × 103 CFU per fly). Sequencing of 16S rDNA showed that enterics from violet red bile glucose agar were represented by several genera, including Escherichia, Shigella, Providencia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Proteus, Serratia, and Morganella. Our study shows that stable flies carry bacteria typically present in animal manure (a developmental site of stable fly larvae), which indicates that the natural reservoir of E. sakazakii is the digestive tract or manure of domestic animals. The low prevalence of E. sakazakii associated with stable flies suggests that stable flies do not play a major role as a reservoir or vector of this pathogen.

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