Ameliorating effects of ethyl acetate fraction from onion ( Allium cepa L.) flesh and peel in mice following trimethyltin-induced learning and memory impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Kyeong Park ◽  
Dong Eun Jin ◽  
Chang Hyeon Park ◽  
Tae Wan Seung ◽  
Tian Jiao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Effect of Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Activity of Papery Skin Extracts and Fractions of Maja Cipanas Onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyi M. Saptarini ◽  
Yulia Wardati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Soxhlet Method

Extraction can be carried out at ambient temperature or high temperature to accelerate the extraction process of secondary metabolites from simplicia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extraction methods on antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of papery skin extracts and fractions of Maja Cipanas onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum). Extraction methods were maceration, percolation, reflux, and Soxhlet method, and then, concentrated extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction based on the polarity of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The phytochemical screening showed that onion papery skin contained alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The IC50 value of the extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the four extraction methods in the concentration range 25–400  μg/mL were in the range of 55.62–107.08, 31.31–84.06, and 126.05–139.82  μg/mL, respectively, while the IAA value was in the ranges of 0.25–0.49, 0.32–0.86, and 0.19–0.21, respectively. Variation in IC50 and IAA values indicate that the extraction method affects antioxidant activity, due to extracted secondary metabolites from simplicia. The highest antioxidant activity was an ethyl acetate fraction by the reflux method, while the lowest was water fraction by the percolation method.

Effects of ethyl acetate extract from Coreopsis tinctoria on learning and memory impairment in d-galactose-induced aging mice and the underlying molecular mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2531-2542
Author(s):  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Guangyu Xu ◽  
Dongmei Wu ◽  
Jinlian Li ◽  
Jiwen Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethyl acetate extract from Coreopsis tinctoria (EACC) on learning and memory impairment in d-galactose-induced aging mice and the underlying molecular mechanism.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Enzymatic Browning by Onion (Allium cepa L.): Investigation on Inhibitory Mechanism and Identification of Active Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-780
Author(s):  
TATTY YUNIARTI ◽  
SUKARNO SUKARNO ◽  
NANCY DEWI YULIANA ◽  
SLAMET BUDIJANTO
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Fresh Foods ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Presence of browning or black-spot in fresh foods can adversely affect consumer acceptance. Onion has been reported to exert inhibitory activity against browning reaction. This research aimed to uncover the mechanism and identify active compounds in onion responsible for PPO inhibitors based on metabolomic approach. Onion was fractioned using different solvents, i.e n-hexane; chloroform; ethyl acetate; water, respectively. As a result, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of the onion demonstrated the strongest inhibition to PPO in comparison with other fractions, i.e. n-hexane, chloroform, and water. The reversible inhibitory activity of PPO by EAF occurred with presence of L-DOPA as substrate through competitive inhibition and Cu chelation in the active side of the PPO. Based on 1H-NMR (X) score plot and PPO inhibition (Y) using OPLS, NMR signals revealed that active compounds accounting for inhibition of PPO included quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin 3.4’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, cyanidin 7-O-(3”-O-glucosyl-6”-O-malonyl-β-glucopyrano-side)-4’-O-β-glucopyranoside, cyanidin 3-(6”-O-malonyl) laminaribioside’.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant Activity and In Vivo Nootropic Effect of Ferula ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum) D. Don. in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Nausheen Nazir ◽  
Mohammad Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Faheem Uddin ◽  
Saeed Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Nootropic Effect

Background: Ferula ammoniacum (D. Don) is one of the endemic medicinal plants that is traditionally used to treat a number of diseases. Although the plant has been used to enhance memory, the investigational evidence supporting the nootropic effect was unsubstantial. Hence, the rationale for this study was to assess the potential beneficial effect of F. ammoniacum seed extracts on learning and memory in mice. Methods: The powdered plant samples (aerial parts) were subjected to extraction ad fractionation. Among the extracts, crude and ethyl acetate extracts were screened for major phytochemicals through HPLC analysis. All the extracts were evaluated for the in vitro anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE) and antioxidant potentials. Among the extracts the active fraction was further assessed for improving learning and memory in mice using behavioural tests like Y-maze and novel object recognition test (NORT) using standard protocols. After behavioural tests, all the animals were sacrificed and brains tissues were assessed for the ex vivo anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials. Results: Phytochemicals like chlorogenic acid, quercetin, mandelic acid, phloroglucinol, hydroxy benzoic acid, malic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, rutin, and pyrogallol were identified in crude methanolic extract (Fa.Met) and ethyl acetate fraction (Fa.EtAc) through HPLC. Fa.EtAc and Fa.Chf extracts more potently inhibited AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 40 and 43 µg/mL, and 41 and 42 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly highest free radical scavenging potential was exhibited by Fa.EtAc fraction against DPPH (IC50 = 100 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 120 µg/mL). The extract doses, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (p < 0.01) improved the short-term memory by increasing the percent spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test along with increasing discrimination index in the NORT that clearly indicated the enhancement in the recognition memory of mice. Conclusion: The extracts more potently scavenged the tested free radicals, exhibited anticholinesterase activities, improved the learning abilities and reduced the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice model thus suggesting that these extracts could be effectively used for the management of oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases and memory loss.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant, antimutagenic, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of selected fractions of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) leaves.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelili A Badmus ◽  
Oyeronke A Odunola ◽  
Taofeek A Yekeen ◽  
Adedapo M Gbadegesin ◽  
John O Fatoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Exposure to environmental pollutants often leads to an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidize cellular fatty acids to produce lipid peroxyl radicals, subsequently transformed into lipid peroxides, which decrease membrane fluidity and increase the activity of various enzymes implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer formation. Edible plants that contain exogenous compounds like curcumeroid, β-carotene, turmeric, and so on, protect the aerobic cells from oxidation of free radicals. This study thus evaluates antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of ethyl acetate, aqueous and methanolic fractions of Holarrhena floribunda leaves. Inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction on Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in hen egg yolk; rat liver and brain tissues were also evaluated. The Allium cepa root assay was used to evaluate antimutagenic activity. Results showed that the ethyl acetate scavenged DPPH, OH•, and •O2(-) much stronger than other fractions, as evidenced by its lowest respective IC50 values. All the fractions displayed antimutagenic activities against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations. Likewise, all the fractions induced a reduction in mitotic index, a hallmark of cytotoxicity in the root meristem of Allium cepa. The decrease in mitotic index was most profound for the ethyl acetate fraction, which also demonstrated a significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver and brain homogenates, but not in egg yolk, compared with the ascorbic acid standard. In general, the results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction might contain beneficial phytochemicals that should be explored as novel candidates for preclinical drug development.

scholarly journals Anti-Ageing Effect of Physalis alkekengi Ethyl Acetate Layer on a d-galactose-Induced Mouse Model through the Reduction of Cellular Senescence and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Kaiyue Sun ◽  
Yingting Sun ◽  
Heyang Li ◽  
Dongyao Han ◽  
Yuting Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We aimed to study the effects of an ethyl acetate fraction of Physalis alkekengi (PAE) on d-galactose (d-gal)-induced senescence and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, analysis of the phytochemical composition revealed total flavonoids, total phenolics, total saponins, rutin, and luteolin contents of 71.72 ± 2.99 mg rutin equivalents/g, 40.19 ± 0.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 128.13 ± 1.04 mg oleanolic acid equivalents/g, 1.67 ± 0.07 mg/g and 1.61 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively. The mice were treated with d-gal for six weeks, and from the fifth week, the mice were administered with PAE by gavage once a day for five weeks. We found significant d-gal-induced ageing-related changes, such as learning and memory impairment in novel object recognition and Y-maze, fatigue in weight-loaded forced swimming, reduced thymus coefficient, and histopathological injury of the liver, spleen, and hippocampus. The PAE effectively protected from such changes. Further evaluation showed that PAE decreased the senescence-associated β-galactosidase of the liver, spleen, and hippocampus, as well as the oxidative stress of the liver, plasma, and brain. The abundance of flavonoids, phenols, and saponins in PAE may have contributed to the above results. Overall, this study showed the potential application of PAE for the prevention or treatment of ageing-associated disorders.

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