Soil carbon, nitrogen, and base cation cycling 17 years after whole-tree harvesting in a low-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forested watershed in central Maine, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 222 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 234-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McLaughlin ◽  
Stephanie A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) – Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forest productivity 35 years after whole-tree and stem-only harvesting in north-central Maine, USA

2022 ◽  
Vol 504 ◽  
pp. 119823
Author(s):  
C. Tattersall Smith ◽  
Christopher Preece ◽  
Inge Stupak ◽  
Russell D. Briggs ◽  
Bruna Barusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
North Central ◽  
Whole Tree

CONTACT AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF LOW-VOLUME DOSAGES OF PHOSPHAMIDON TO CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON TWO SPECIES OF CONIFERS

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1054
Author(s):  
J. F. Stewart ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Low Volume

AbstractA series of low-volume spray treatments were conducted to study the contact and residual effect of two concentrations of the insecticide phosphamidon to fourth instar spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, and red spruce, Picea rubens Sarg. Treatment of sprayed larvae on sprayed trees, unsprayed larvae on sprayed trees, and sprayed larvae on unsprayed trees, resulted in two principal conclusions: (a) Higher concentrations of phosphamidon (1% versus 0.5% active) accelerated mortality in all instances and (b) no statistical difference (P = 0.1%) was found in the final mortalities between treatments in which only the foliage was treated and where both larvae and foliage were treated with phosphamidon.

A study of fungal endophytes of needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada, using culture and electron microscope techniques

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3513-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Norman J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Petiole Segment

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the interiors of surface-sterilized needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada. Four different fungi were isolated frequently. One species, designated X-W, was isolated exlusively from the petiole segment of red spruce needles. There was no difference in the variety of species isolated from fir needles from two sites, but a difference in frequency of species did exist. Micrographs of the interior of balsam fir needles showed hyphae occupying intercellular spaces and adhering to the outer walls of parenchyma cells. No penetration of cells by either fungus was observed.

scholarly journals Étude rétrospective de l'accroissement en diamètre du sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) et de l'épinette rouge (Picea rubens Sarg.) en peuplements mixtes après une coupe a diamètre limite

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Harvesting Time

Diameter growth at breast height of 341 balsam fir and red spruce stems has been reproduced over a time lapse of 50 years following a diameter limit cutting. The available information has been analyzed with a statistical model in which the effects of time, species (two levels), ecological type (three levels) and diameter at harvesting have been tested. Results indicate that balsam fir saplings have higher diameter growths than red spruce saplings, but only in the case of better ecological types. The differences between both species are smaller for stems having a merchantable diameter (dbh > 9.0 cm) at harvesting time. On poor ecological station, red spruce diameter growth is more important than for balsam fir and this, whatever the diameter at harvesting time. On the other hand, as indicated by this analysis, stem diameter at the time of silvicultural treatment constitutes a significant variable in the prediction of diameter growth for red spruce stems, while the effect of this variable is less identifiable for balsam fir. Even if significant, the growth differences between the two species are small. The competition created by the balsam fir regeneration on red spruce saplings is definitely not the cause of the depletion of red spruce in second growth stands.. Key words: red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), diameter growth, partial cut, mixed stands, linear model, mixed model

Potential impact of forest harvesting on lake chemistry in south-central Ontario at current levels of acid deposition

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Watmough ◽  
J Aherne ◽  
P J Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sulphate Deposition ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The potential impact of harvesting on lake chemistry was assessed for ~1300 lakes in south-central Ontario using a critical loads approach based on the steady-state water chemistry (SSWC) model. The critical load of acidity is currently only exceeded by bulk sulphate deposition in 9% of the lakes if harvesting does not occur. However, the percentage increases to 23%, 56%, and 72% under potential harvesting scenarios that assume wood-only (stem without bark), stem-only, or whole-tree harvesting, respectively. This increase in exceedance of critical load is due to the much lower base cation concentrations in lakes resulting from base cation removals during harvest. For example, only 0.3% of lakes will have Ca2+ concentrations <50 μequiv.·L–1 if harvesting does not occur, whereas 52% of lakes will have Ca2+ concentrations <50 μequiv.·L–1 if whole-tree harvesting occurs. Harvesting clearly has an enormous potential impact on lake chemistry, which will become more apparent as exchangeable base cation pools in soil decline and acid inputs can no longer be buffered.

Long term effects of whole tree harvesting on soil carbon and nutrient sustainability in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vanguelova ◽  
Rona Pitman ◽  
Jukka Luiro ◽  
Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nutrient Sustainability ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

scholarly journals Weathering rates in Swedish forest soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4429-4450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Akselsson ◽  
Salim Belyazid ◽  
Johan Stendahl ◽  
Roger Finlay ◽  
Bengt A. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Cations ◽  
Sustainable Forestry ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

Abstract. Soil and water acidification was internationally recognised as a severe environmental problem in the late 1960s. The interest in establishing “critical loads” led to a peak in weathering research in the 1980s and 1990s, since base cation weathering is the long-term counterbalance to acidification pressure. Assessments of weathering rates and associated uncertainties have recently become an area of renewed research interest, this time due to demand for forest residues to provide renewable bioenergy. Increased demand for forest fuels increases the risk of depleting the soils of base cations produced in situ by weathering. This is the background to the research programme Quantifying Weathering Rates for Sustainable Forestry (QWARTS), which ran from 2012 to 2019. The programme involved research groups working at different scales, from laboratory experiments to modelling. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the variation in published weathering rates of base cations from different approaches in Sweden, with consideration of the key uncertainties for each method; (2) assess the robustness of the results in relation to sustainable forestry; and (3) discuss the results in relation to new insights from the QWARTS programme and propose ways to further reduce uncertainties. In the study we found that the variation in estimated weathering rates at single-site level was large, but still most sites could be placed reliably in broader classes of weathering rates. At the regional level, the results from the different approaches were in general agreement. Comparisons with base cation losses after stem-only and whole-tree harvesting showed sites where whole-tree harvesting was clearly not sustainable and other sites where variation in weathering rates from different approaches obscured the overall balance. Clear imbalances appeared mainly after whole-tree harvesting in spruce forests in southern and central Sweden. Based on the research findings in the QWARTS programme, it was concluded that the PROFILE/ForSAFE family of models provides the most important fundamental understanding of the contribution of weathering to long-term availability of base cations to support forest growth. However, these approaches should be continually assessed against other approaches. Uncertainties in the model approaches can be further reduced, mainly by finding ways to reduce uncertainties in input data on soil texture and associated hydrological parameters but also by developing the models, e.g. to better represent biological feedbacks under the influence of climate change.

scholarly journals Modelling the effects of forest management intensification on base cation concentrations in soil water and on tree growth in spruce forests in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Zanchi ◽  
Klas Lucander ◽  
Veronika Kronnäs ◽  
Martin Erlandsson Lampa ◽  
Cecilia Akselsson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of forest residue extraction on tree growth and base cations concentrations in soil water under different climatic conditions in Sweden. For this purpose, the dynamic model ForSAFE was used to compare the effects of whole-tree harvesting and stem harvesting on tree biomass and the soil solution over time at 6 different forest sites. The study confirmed the results from experimental sites showing a temporary reduction of base cation concentration in the soil solution for a period of 20–30 years after whole-tree harvesting. The model showed that this was mainly caused by the reduced inputs of organic material after residue extraction and thereby reduced nutrient mineralisation in the soil. The model results also showed that whole-tree harvesting can affect tree growth at nitrogen-poor forest sites, such as the ones in northern Sweden, due to the decrease of nitrogen availability after residue removal. Possible ways of reducing this impact could be to compensate the losses with fertilisation or extract residue without foliage in areas of Sweden with low nitrogen deposition. The study highlighted the need to better understand the medium- and long-term effects of whole-tree harvesting on tree growth, since the results suggested that reduced tree growth after whole-tree harvesting could be only temporary. However, these results do not account for prolonged extraction of forest residues that could progressively deplete nutrient pools and lead to permanent effects on tree growth.

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