scholarly journals Interactive effects of CO2 and soil water treatments on growth and biomass allocation in pines and spruces

2019 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Water Treatments

scholarly journals Impact of Extreme Temperature and Soil Water Stress on the Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Labake Ogunkanmi ◽  
Dilys S. MacCarthy ◽  
Samuel G. K. Adiku
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Water Treatments

Climate change is a major environmental stressor that would adversely affect tropical agriculture, which is largely rain-fed. Associated with climate change is an increasing trend in temperature and decline in rainfall, leading to prolonged and repeated droughts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climate variables such as temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water on the phenology, biomass, and grain yield of soybean crops. A greenhouse experiment was set in a split plot design with three average environmental conditions as the main plots: E1 (36 °C, RH = 55%), E2 (34 °C, RH = 57%) and E3 (33 °C, RH = 44%). Additionally, there were three water treatments: W1 (near saturation), W2 (Field capacity), and W3 (soil water deficit) and two soybean varieties (Afayak and Jenguma). These treatments were replicated nine times. The results showed that high temperatures (E1) accelerated the crop development, particularly at flowering. Additionally, increased atmospheric demand for water under a high temperature environment resulted in high evapotranspiration, leading to high transpiration which probably reduced photosynthetic activity of the plants and thereby contributing to biomass and grain yield loss. Biomass and yield were drastically reduced for the combined effect of high temperature (E1) and drought (W3) as compared to combined effect of ambient temperature (E3) and well-watered condition (W1). Increasing temperatures and erratic rainfall distributions associated with climate change poses a potential threat to the soybean production in Ghana.

scholarly journals Scenario Studies on Effects of Soil Infiltration Rates, Land Slope, and Furrow Irrigation Characteristics on Furrow Irrigation-Induced Erosion

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibrin M. Dibal ◽  
A. A. Ramalan ◽  
O. J. Mudiare ◽  
H. E. Igbadun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Stream Size

Furrow irrigation proceeds under several soil-water-furrow hydraulics interaction dynamics. The soil erosion consequences from such interactions in furrow irrigation in Samaru had remained uncertain. A furrow irrigation-induced erosion (FIIE) model was used to simulate the potential severity of soil erosion in irrigated furrows due to interactive effects of infiltration rates, land slope, and some furrow irrigation characteristics under different scenarios. The furrow irrigation characteristics considered were furrow lengths, widths, and stream sizes. The model itself was developed using the dimensional analysis approach. The scenarios studied were the interactive effects of furrow lengths, furrow widths, and slopes steepness; infiltration rates and furrow lengths; and stream sizes, furrow lengths, and slopes steepness on potential furrow irrigation-induced erosion, respectively. The severity of FIIE was found to relate somewhat linearly with slope and stream size, and inversely with furrow lengths and furrow width. The worst soil erosion (378.05 t/ha/yr) was found as a result of the interactive effects of 0.65 m furrow width, 50 m furrow length, and 0.25% slope steepness; and the least soil erosion (0.013 t/ha/yr) was induced by the combined effects of 0.5 l/s, 200 m furrow length, and 0.05% slope steepness. Evidently considering longer furrows in furrow irrigation designs would be a better alternative of averting excessive FIIE.

scholarly journals Study on the Response of Different Soybean Varieties to Water Management in Northwest China Based on a Model Approach

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Zhang ◽  
Sien Li ◽  
Mousong Wu ◽  
Danni Yang ◽  
Chunyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

Soybean is one of the major crops that is widely cultivated in Northwest China due to its high nutritional and economic value. However, drought has recently become an important factor restricting the growth of soybeans in the arid region of Northwest China and the selection of drought-resistant soybean is of importance for cooperating with drought and improving yield. In this study, three-year soybean field experiments were conducted to test the effects of different water treatments on the soil moisture status and the yield of two varieties of soybeans (Longhuang1 (LH1), Longahuang3 (LH3)). Based on the field data, the soil water content, biomass, LAI, and yield were calibrated and evaluated using the soil-crop system model WHCNS (soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator). The results showed that the nRMSE, NSE, IA, and R2 of the soil water content from two types of soybean, i.e., LH1 (LH3) were 10.98% (9.79%), 0.86 (0.90), 0.96 (0.97), 0.87 (0.90), respectively. The nRMSE, NSE, IA and R2 of the yield of LH1 (LH3) were 19.12% (4.41%), 0.87 (0.99), 0.97 (1.00), 0.98 (0.99), respectively. Scenario simulations of yield and other indicators in two soybean varieties under different irrigation schedules in different hydrological years showed that the maximum yield and II of LH3 are lower than those of LH1, but the higher yield and II of LH1 comes from a larger irrigation amount. Appropriately reducing the number of irrigations in the branching period will not reduce crop yield and may oppositely lead to a small increase in yield and income; reducing the number of irrigations at the end of grouting has no significant impact on yield and income.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE ON COLD TOLERANCE OF ALFALFA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER PAQUIN ◽  
GUY R. MEHUYS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Water Holding

Drought stress applied to alfalfa seedlings (Medicago media Pers.) grown at 20–22 °C by reducing soil moisture from 100 to 30% of soil water holding capacity prior to freezing increased their LT50 by 4–7 °C. The tests were performed in 12-cm pots containing either a greenhouse sandy loam potting mixture or material sampled in the Ap horizon of several soils of varying texture. Similar increases were obtained when identical soil water treatments were applied to plants hardened for 2 or 4 wk at 1 °C. Both stresses, drought and low temperature, have additive influences on plant survival following freezing. Low soil moisture increased both the level of cold hardening achieved and plant survival to freezing, but it had a larger effect on the freezing process than on the hardening process. Freezing tests carried out with insulated pots, in order to simulate field conditions where frost comes from above, did not affect the survival of alfalfa in spite of a delay in the cooling of the soil. Differences in cooling rates during freezing could not be correlated with the higher mortality observed with moist soils.

Warming alters the positive impact of elevated CO2 concentration on cotton growth and physiology during soil water deficit

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina J. Broughton ◽  
Renee A. Smith ◽  
Remko A. Duursma ◽  
Daniel K. Y. Tan ◽  
Paxton Payton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Whole Plant

Alterations in climate factors such as rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]), warming and reduced precipitation may have significant impacts on plant physiology and growth. This research investigated the interactive effects of elevated [CO2], warming and soil water deficit on biomass production, leaf-level physiological responses and whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEP) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cotton was grown in the glasshouse under two [CO2] treatments (CA, 400 µL L–1; CE, 640 µL L–1) and two temperature treatments (TA, 28°C : 17°C day : night; TE, 32°C : 21°C day : night). Plants were subjected to two progressive water deficit cycles, with a 5-day recovery period between the water deficit periods. CE increased vegetative biomass and photosynthetic rates, and decreased stomatal conductance in TA; however, these responses to CE were not evident under TE. CE increased whole-plant water loss under TA, but increased WUEp, whereas increased whole-plant water loss in TE decreased WUEp regardless of atmospheric [CO2]. CE may provide some positive growth and physiological benefits to cotton at TA if sufficient water is available but CE will not mitigate the negative effects of rising temperature on cotton growth and physiology in future environments.

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