“Light cannabis” consumption in a sample of young adults. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data and psychomotor impairment evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 110822
Author(s):  
Guido Pelletti ◽  
Rossella Barone ◽  
Arianna Giorgetti ◽  
Marco Garagnani ◽  
Francesca Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Psychomotor Impairment ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

scholarly journals A Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach Shows that Serum Penicillin G Concentrations Are Below Inhibitory Concentrations by Two Weeks after Benzathine Penicillin G Injection in the Majority of Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 6735-6741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Neely ◽  
Edward L. Kaplan ◽  
Jeffrey L. Blumer ◽  
Dennis J. Faix ◽  
Michael P. Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Peripheral Compartment ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin G

ABSTRACTSerum penicillin G falls to low levels 2 weeks after injection as benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in young adults. Using Pmetrics and previously reported penicillin G pharmacokinetic data after 1.2 million units were given as BPG to 329 male military recruits, here we develop the first reported population pharmacokinetic model of penicillin G after BPG injection. We simulated time-concentration profiles over a broad range of pediatric and adult weights after alternative doses and dose frequencies to predict the probability of maintaining serum penicillin G concentrations of >0.02 mg/liter, a proposed protective threshold against group AStreptococcus pyogenes(GAS). The final population model included linear absorption into a central compartment, distribution to and from a peripheral compartment, and linear elimination from the central compartment, with allometrically scaled volumes and rate constants. With 1.2 million units of BPG given intramuscularly every 4 weeks in four total doses, only 23.2% of 5,000 simulated patients maintained serum penicillin G trough concentrations of >0.02 mg/liter 4 weeks after the last dose. When the doses were 1.8 million units and 2.4 million units, the percentages were 30.2% and 40.7%, respectively. With repeated dosing of 1.2 million units every 3 weeks and every 2 weeks for 4 doses, the percentages of simulated patients with a penicillin G trough concentration of >0.02 mg/liter were 37.8% and 65.2%, respectively. Our simulations support recommendations for more frequent rather than higher BPG doses to prevent recurrent rheumatic heart disease in areas of high GAS prevalence or during outbreaks.

scholarly journals CANNABIS (BHANG, CHARAS) CONSUMPTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Fauzia Naz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Cannabis or marijuana is an illegal drug that is being used mostly by young adultscan have adverse effects i.e., dependence syndrome, impaired respiratory and cardiovascularfunctions, psychosocial and mental health disorders. Objective: The present study examinedthe effects of cannabis (including bhang & charas) consumption on emotional and cognitivedisturbances and depressive symptoms in young adults who use cannabis. The researchfurther explored that cannabis consumption frequency will mediate between emotional andcognitive disturbances and depressive symptoms in young adults. Study Design: Correlationalresearch design. Settings: Lahore city. Method: Sample included 200 young adults who usedcannabis in routine and 200 young adults who did not consume any kind of substance. Theage range of the sample was between 20 years to 27 years. Snowball sampling technique wasused to recruit sample. The comparison group was matched on age, education and socioeconomicstatus. Cognitive Failure Questionnaire1, Emotional Regulation Scale2 and PatientHealth Questionnaire3 were used as assessment measures. Results: Results showed thatyoung adults who use cannabis had higher emotional and cognitive disturbances and hadmore depressive symptoms compared to the normal controls. There was a significant positiverelationship and association between cannabis consumption and emotional and cognitivedisturbances and depressive symptoms. Cannabis consumption had mediating relationshipbetween cognitive and emotional disturbances and depressive symptoms. Implications of thestudy along with strengths and limitations of the current study are discussed.

Influence of Milk and Food on Fluoride Bioavailability from NaF and Na2FPO 3 in Man

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trautner ◽  
J. Einwag
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Fasting Stomach ◽  
Plasma Peak ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

Aqueous solutions of NaF and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) were given to fasting young adults in an intra-individual cross-over study. Plasma fluoride (F) levels were measured by use of a F-ion-sensitive electrode, and eight-hour profiles of F concentrations in plasma were determined. F availability and pharmacokinetic data were identical for both substances. Furthermore, the same subjects were given tablets containing 2 mg F, either as NaF or as MFP, under different experimental regimens: (a) on a fasting stomach, (b) together with milk, or (c) together with breakfast and milk. Equal F availabilities were observed for both substances. Plasma peak levels were reduced when the tablets were taken together with food. Intake of milk reduced F availability by 30% compared with the fasting stomach experiment; this effect was abolished when milk was taken as part of the breakfast. It is suggested that formation of Ca salts and entrapment of F in coagulation products of milk are important factors causing reduction of F availability, and that prolonged stay of the chyme after concomitant ingestion of food allows F to become liberated from bound forms and coagulation products by digestion processes.

Motivators for Cannabis Use Among Young Adults in Outpatient Psychiatric Care: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110021
Author(s):  
Laura Whiteley ◽  
Kayla K. Haubrick ◽  
Trisha Arnold ◽  
Lacey Craker ◽  
Elizabeth Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Critical Content ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

Cannabis use is prevalent among youth with mental illness, despite the increased risk of exacerbating psychiatric symptoms. The rapidly changing legality of cannabis has contributed to its normalization and decreased perceived risks. This study qualitatively gathered young adult psychiatric patients’ ( n=15) perspectives on cannabis to inform a use reduction intervention. NVivo12 was used to organize coded data and facilitate analysis. Motivations to use included viewing cannabis utilization as normalized, supported, and a safer alternative to psychiatric medications. Facilitators for decreasing use were cannabis’ inadequacy at long-term symptom relief, the negative psychiatric sequelae seen in other users, and moderation of intake. Recommendations for the intervention included avoiding overly critical content and providing behavioral skills to aid reduction while improving psychiatric symptoms. Young adults in psychiatric care have unique motivations for cannabis consumption and decreasing use, which should be targeted in future interventions.

scholarly journals Are psychotic-like experiences related to a discontinuation of cannabis consumption in young adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Laura S. Daedelow ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Moritz Berning ◽  
Arun L.W. Bokde ◽  
Rüdiger Brühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

Cannabis Normalization Among Young Adults in a Nigerian City

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka W. Dumbili
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Accommodation ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

Drug normalization has been researched extensively in the West. Yet, we know little about how drug use is normalized in non-Western contexts. Drawing on interviews with young adults, this study is the first to explore illicit drug normalization in Nigeria. Cannabis was widely available and easy to access and students were part of the supply chain. Citing therapeutic and functional benefits, participants normalized cannabis consumption, using it to prepare soup, noodles, and birthday cakes. Unlike women, who may give up cannabis use due to stigmatization and marriage, men had no plans to stop its use. Gender determined drug-taking practices and social accommodation of drug users, suggesting differentiated normalization. Men who used cannabis were accommodated by their peers, unlike women, who were stigmatized by female non-users. In general, the findings highlight a shift in illicit drug use practices and noticeable gendered and differentiated social accommodation among peers, although cultural acceptance of illegal recreational drugs remains at the margin.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

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