Psychoemotional disorders in postmenopausal women and methods of their correction

Psycho-emotional disorders in postmenopausal women are caused by interaction of neuroendocrine changes, psychological and social factors. They include anxiety, depression, dissomnia,psychosexual and cognitive dysfunction. Hormonal replacement therapy is widely used in correction of psycho-emotional disturbances in postmenopausal women. Combination of estrogens and antidepressants appears to have good prospects.

Psycho-emotional state and cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Many researchers note the “neurotization” of patients with endocrine diseases, formation of psycho-emotional disorders and cognitive impairment. Prevalence of mental disorders and maladaptive forms of response to the disease reaches 70—100 % among these patients. Mental disorders and negative psychological factors complicate the course of the disease, restorative and rehabilitation processes. And it is also one of the main causes of patient’s temporary and complete disability. The data from clinical and psychopathological research indicate the presence of emotional and cognitive disorders in examined patients. Emotional disturbances are represented by anxious, depressive, astheno- hypochondriac, hysteroform variants of psychopathological symptoms. Based on the data obtained during this study, a comprehensive program of psychotherapeutic and medical psychological support for patients with type 2 diabetes has been developed.

Ischemic Stroke, Glucocorticoids, and Remote Hippocampal Damage: A Translational Outlook and Implications for Modeling

Progress in treating ischemic stroke (IS) and its delayed consequences has been frustratingly slow due to the insufficient knowledge on the mechanism. One important factor, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is mostly neglected despite the fact that both clinical data and the results from rodent models of IS show that glucocorticoids, the hormones of this stress axis, are involved in IS-induced brain dysfunction. Though increased cortisol in IS is regarded as a biomarker of higher mortality and worse recovery prognosis, the detailed mechanisms of HPA axis dysfunction involvement in delayed post-stroke cognitive and emotional disorders remain obscure. In this review, we analyze IS-induced HPA axis alterations and supposed association of corticoid-dependent distant hippocampal damage to post-stroke brain disorders. A translationally important growing point in bridging the gap between IS pathogenesis and clinic is to investigate the involvement of the HPA axis disturbances and related hippocampal dysfunction at different stages of SI. Valid models that reproduce the state of the HPA axis in clinical cases of IS are needed, and this should be considered when planning pre-clinical research. In clinical studies of IS, it is useful to reinforce diagnostic and prognostic potential of cortisol and other HPA axis hormones. Finally, it is important to reveal IS patients with permanently disturbed HPA axis. Patients-at-risk with high cortisol prone to delayed remote hippocampal damage should be monitored since hippocampal dysfunction may be the basis for development of post-stroke cognitive and emotional disturbances, as well as epilepsy.

The Effect Of Relaxing A Deep Breath On Anxiety Levels

Emotions and breathing are closely linked in a complex feedback loop. Understanding this interrelationship between breathing and emotions is critical to better understanding how to deal with anxiety, stress, depression, and emotional disturbances. During emotional attacks and anxious states, the autonomic nervous system triggers physiological variables such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, hormonal secretions, palpitations, gastrointestinal functions suddenly increase as a result of which the normal social and behavioral functions of the individual are disturbed. It is generally believed that deep breathing, practiced with various techniques, such as qigong and yoga, can promote relaxation. Source searches were carried out on the online portal of journal publications as many as 10 sources from Medscape, Google Scholar, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the keywords anxiety, relaxation, and deep breathing. Deep breathing relaxation has been shown to be effective in reducing the perception and symptoms of anxiety. Deep breathing offers several advantages over conventional therapies currently used to treat anxiety problems. These advantages include a non-pharmacological approach, safety, minimal space requirements, ease of learning, and ease of practice.

Services for Juveniles With Emotional Disturbances in Secure-Care Settings: An Exploratory Analysis of Racial Disparities and Recidivism

This study examines associations between recidivism rates and groups/programs for legally mandated education, behavioral, and mental health services that court-ordered juvenile youth (“juveniles”) with identified Emotional Disturbance or related conditions receive in secure-care juvenile facilities. Using statewide agency data in Minnesota, this exploratory analysis investigates whether there are racial/ethnic and county disparities in residential placements or secure-care settings via programs and groups for court-ordered juveniles ( n = 1,092). The study also considers whether program and group placements contribute to racial/ethnic patterns of recidivism. This study finds that recidivism rate differences by program/group level are largely attributed to differences in racial/ethnic compositions. Findings suggest placements lack strong effects on recidivism, and assignments may perpetuate inequalities. In addition, from this exploratory analysis examination, this article offers considerations for future research-to-practice partnerships to strengthen legally and policy-mandated program and service delivery with practices that increase training to juvenile justice system professionals, access to secure-care setting services, and transition services for juveniles.

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions and Emotional Disturbances in Elderly Patients using Smart Phone Mobiles

Background: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slowly ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain brings mental laziness. When people are given smart- phones they reduce the memory storing. So, the present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non-users and users Methods: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landline Group 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language, abstraction and recall was analyzed. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention, sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives

Psycho-emotional characteristics of persons addicted to synthetic drugs, depending on the timing of drugs cessation

The research aim was to study the characteristics of psychoemotional response in persons with dependence on synthetic drugs (synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids) at different stages of abstinence from consumption of psychoactive substances. Methods. Clinical and pathopsychological examination of 127 patients with dependence on synthetic drugs was carried out. All patients are male. Of these, 83 people with a period of abstinence from 3 to 6 months and 44 people with a period of abstinence from 6 to 18 months. The control group consisted of 55 healthy men. We used a clinical interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the A. Bass and A. Darki questionnaire for diagnosing the parameters of aggression, the STAXI questionnaire of the property-state and expression of anger, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Life Style Index of KellermanPlutchek. Results. It was found that patients with dependence on synthetic drugs have a significantly higher level of anxiety, aggression, more pronounced manifestations of alexithymia in comparison with healthy patients, regardless of the duration of remission. It was revealed that in persons with abstinence from drug use for more than six months, on the one hand, the ability to control the manifestation of anger increases significantly, on the other hand, depressive manifestations intensify and suicidal risk increases in comparison with addicts with a shorter period of abstinence. Conclusion. Emotional disturbances in addicted to synthetic drugs (cathinones and cannabinoids) are persistent and persist even during periods of prolonged abstinence.

Delirium in neurological practice

Delirium is an acute, usually reversible, fluctuating impairment of the level of consciousness, attention, and cognitive activity resulted from impaired brain metabolism due to a wide range of various neurological and non-neurological diseases, the effects of drugs and other substances. The main manifestations of delirium are acute changes in consciousness, disturbance of attention, perception, often with the development of hallucinations, emotion, sleep-wake cycle, psychomotor and autonomic activity. Delirium is divided into hypoactive and hyperactive subtypes depending on the severity of psychomotor and emotional disturbances. Patients with acute stroke are also often susceptible to episodes of delirium at the risk factors such as age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and right hemispheric stroke. The pathophysiology of delirium has been less known, but there is evidence of the role of cholinergic deficiency. Delirium is a transient condition, but it needs treatment to prevent the development of complications since it is usually associated with poor functional outcomes, longer hospitalization and higher mortality. The strategy for the treatment of patients with delirium should be directed to early identification of its symptoms, elimination of modifiable risk factors and metabolic causes. In patients with severe symptoms of agitation and hallucinations, short-term prescription of antipsychotics for their relief is possible.