A geographical traceability system for Merbau (Intsia palembanica Miq.), an important timber species from peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 102188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Hong Ng ◽  
Kevin Kit Siong Ng ◽  
Soon Leong Lee ◽  
Lee Hong Tnah ◽  
Chai Ting Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Intsia Palembanica ◽  
Geographical Traceability

scholarly journals Effects of soil amendments on survival and early growth of three timber species grown on sand tailings in the peninsular Malaysia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Lai Hoe Ang ◽  
Wai Mun Ho ◽  
Lai Kuen Tang ◽  
Ting Fui Hui ◽  
Gary W. Theseira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Timber Species

scholarly journals A DNA Method to Verify the Integrity of Timber Supply Chains; Confirming the Legal Sourcing of Merbau Timber From Logging Concession to Sawmill

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lowe ◽  
K.-N. Wong ◽  
Y.-S. Tiong ◽  
S. Iyerh ◽  
F.-T. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Genetic Fingerprint ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Amplification Success ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Intsia Palembanica ◽  
Broad Scale

Abstract Several methods are employed by the timber industry to try to restrict the flow of products from illegal or unsustainable sources into timber supply chains. The most commonly applied are systems of log marking and associated documentation that accompany the logs. However this system is open to falsification, particularly between the logging concession and the timber mill, where the majority of illegally logged timber enters the supply chain. This paper describes the development of a methodology to track a unique genetic fingerprint for single logs of merbau, Intsia palembanica (Leguminosae), a high-value Indonesian timber species, from logging concession to the mill, where the DNA profile of individual logs is difficult or impossible to falsify. We find that whilst the ability to extract DNA and amplify a PCR product from logs decreases slightly between forest concession (59.2%) and mill (41.9%) samples, that overall enough samples worked across the 14 microsatellite markers to provide an exact genotype match between forest and sawmill samples for 27 out of 32 logs. Furthermore for these 27 samples, the probability that an illegal log with an exact genotype match to forest samples had been substituted was very low (less than 10-5) for 18 samples, was low (between 10-2 and 10-4) for 7 samples and was moderate (10-1) for 2 samples. Improvements to DNA extraction and amplification success are recommended to improve this protocol, and there was a negative correlation between locus size and amplification success but a positive correlation with allele number. However, overall we propose that this methodology is now suitable for broad-scale industry application to track legally harvested timber and check for illegal substitutions along supply chains.

scholarly journals Population genetics of Intsia palembanica (Leguminosae) and genetic conservation of Virgin Jungle Reserves in Peninsular Malaysia

2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-L. Lee ◽  
K. K.-S. Ng ◽  
L.-G. Saw ◽  
A. Norwati ◽  
M. H. S. Salwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Intsia Palembanica

scholarly journals Forensic DNA profiling of tropical timber species in Peninsular Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 259 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Hong Tnah ◽  
Soon Leong Lee ◽  
Kevin Kit Siong Ng ◽  
Qamaruz-Zaman Faridah ◽  
Ibrahim Faridah-Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling

scholarly journals Tracing the Geographic Origin of Merbau (Intsia palembanica Miq.) in Century Old Planting Trials

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Chin Hong Ng ◽  
Kevin Kit Siong Ng ◽  
Chai Ting Lee ◽  
Lee Hong Tnah ◽  
Nurul Farhanah Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Assignment Test ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Intsia Palembanica ◽  
Early Establishment

Our study highlights the utilization of a genetic database for wood-origin identification in Intsia palembanica, a valuable heavy hardwood from the tropical forests. This forensic tool is essential for strengthening the verification of legality in the wood supply chain from the forest to the end-users. An increasing number of rules and regulations are being put in place to promote sustainable practice in the timber trade, one of which involves ensuring that importers declare the correct species name and source of geographic origin of the timber. We aimed to determine the origin of the I. palembanica seed source used in the early establishment on the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) campus. DNA samples of I. palembanica individuals from the FRIM campus were obtained and analyzed using four chloroplast (cp) DNA markers to characterize the haplotype variants for population identification. In addition, the DNA samples were also genotyped at 14 short tandem repeat (STR) loci for individual identification. Individual assignment to the possible geographic origin was done through an assignment test. On the basis of our recently developed I. palembanica genetic databases, the I. palembanica seed source for the early establishment was inferred to be originated from a mixture of several sources, with a large portion from the southern region (89%) and a relatively small portion from the northern region (11%) of Peninsular Malaysia. The I. palembanica seed source used for the early establishment on the century old FRIM campus was inferred to be originated from several forest reserves located not far from the planting sites. This study proves the applicability of the DNA method in supply-chain verification, where an unknown I. palembanica tree can be traced to its geographic origin using genetic databases.

Development of a State Tax Risk Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
A. V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Road Map ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Presentation Methods

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of the state to manage its tax risks, based on a systematic approach. The author's concept presupposes the presence of the following elements logically arranged according to the principle "from the general to the particular": 1) mechanisms for managing tax risks, 2) disclosing methodological recommendations, 3) specific proposals for changing legislation. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, observation, description, generalization) and private scientific methods of cognition (comparison method, graphical and tabular data presentation methods). We have presented a brief overview of the main tax risks of the Russian Federation in the current economic environment, which are classified in four areas: 1) risks in the field of value added taxation; 2) risks in the field of taxation of profits and income; 3) risks, the source of which is Russia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union; 4) customs risks. The author presents a general scheme of tax risk management by the state, which includes the context, goals and management strategy. The priority mechanisms for managing the tax risks of the state are formulated on the basis of the presented classification of tax risks. These areas include: introduction of an end-to-end product traceability system; substantiation of taxation methods; joint elimination of tax risks (Federal Tax Service, Federal Customs Service, Ministry of Labor, Federal Service for Financial Monitoring); optimization of tax administration costs on the part of both tax authorities and taxpayers; harmonization of indirect taxation, including duty-free trade; harmonization of international tax rules at the international level; selection of the most effective tools for eliminating multiple taxation. A draft "road map" has been developed to improve the management of state tax risks.

Floristic Variation of Tree Communities and Their Association with Soil Properties in Pulau Jerejak, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Faezah Pardi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Floristic Variation

This study was conducted at Pulau Jerejak, Penang to determine the floristic variation of its tree communities. A 0.5-hectare study plot was established and divided into 11 subplots. A total of 587 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were measured, identified and recorded. The tree communities comprised of 84 species, 63 genera and 32 families. The Myrtaceae was the most speciose family with 10 recorded species while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the most frequent species. The Myrtaceae recorded the highest density of 306 individuals while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) had the highest species density of 182 individuals. Total tree basal area (BA) was 21.47 m2/ha and family with the highest BA was Myrtaceae with 5.81 m2/ha while at species level, Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the species with the highest total BA in the plot with value of 4.95 m2/ha. The Shannon˗Weiner Diversity Index of tree communities showed a value of 3.60 (H'max = 4.43) and Evenness Index of 0.81 which indicates high uniformity of tree species. The Margalef Richness Index (R') revealed that the tree species richness was 13.02. Myrtaceae had the highest Importance Value of 20.4%. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Diospyros buxifolia (Ebenaceae) and Pouteria malaccensis (Sapotaceae) were strongly correlated to low pH. Dysoxylum cauliflorum (Meliaceae) and Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) were correlated to phosphorus (P) and calcium ion (Ca2+), respectively. Therefore, the trees species composition at Pulau Jerejak showed that the biodiversity is high and conservation action should be implemented to protect endangered tree species. Keywords: Floristic variation; Tree communities; Trees composition; Pulau Jerejak; Species diversity

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UNIVARIATE AND BIVARIATE TIME SERIES MODELS FOR CRUDE PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Pauline Jin Wee Mah ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Nanyan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Univariate Time Series ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Bivariate Time Series

The main purpose of this study is to compare the performances of univariate and bivariate models on four time series variables of the crude palm oil industry in Peninsular Malaysia. The monthly data for the four variables, which are the crude palm oil production, price, import and export, were obtained from Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC). In the first part of this study, univariate time series models, namely, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average (ARFIMA) and autoregressive autoregressive (ARAR) algorithm were used for modelling and forecasting purposes. Subsequently, the dependence between any two of the four variables were checked using the residuals’ sample cross correlation functions before modelling the bivariate time series. In order to model the bivariate time series and make prediction, the transfer function models were used. The forecast accuracy criteria used to evaluate the performances of the models were the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the univariate time series showed that the best model for predicting the production was ARIMA  while the ARAR algorithm were the best forecast models for predicting both the import and export of crude palm oil. However, ARIMA  appeared to be the best forecast model for price based on the MAE and MAPE values while ARFIMA  emerged the best model based on the RMSE value.  When considering bivariate time series models, the production was dependent on import while the export was dependent on either price or import. The results showed that the bivariate models had better performance compared to the univariate models for production and export of crude palm oil based on the forecast accuracy criteria used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document