Exhaust gas recirculation with highly oxygenated fuels in gas turbines

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 118285
Author(s):  
Žiga Rosec ◽  
Tomaž Katrašnik ◽  
Urban Žvar Baškovič ◽  
Tine Seljak
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Exhaust Gas Recirculation in DLN F-Class Gas Turbines for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. ElKady ◽  
Andrei Evulet ◽  
Anthony Brand ◽  
Tord Peter Ursin ◽  
Arne Lynghjem
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper describes experimental work performed at General Electric, Global Research Center to evaluate the performance and understand the risks of using Dry Low NOx (DLN) technologies in Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conditions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is viewed as an enabling technology for increasing the CO2 concentration of the flue gas while decreasing the volume of the post-combustion separation plant and therefore allowing a significant reduction in CO2 capture cost. A research combustor was developed for exploring the performance of nozzles operating in low O2 environment at representative pressures and temperatures. A series of experiments in a visually accessible test rig have been performed at gas turbine pressures and temperatures, in which inert gases such as N2/CO2 were used to vitiate the fresh air to the levels determined by cycle models. Moreover, the paper will discuss experimental work performed using a DLN nozzle used in GE’s F-class heavy-duty gas turbines. Experimental results using a research combustor operating in partially premixed mode, incorporate the effect of applying EGR on operability, efficiency and emissions performance under conditions of up to 40% EGR. Experiments performed in fully premixed mode using DLN single nozzle combustor revealed that further reductions in NOx could be achieved and at the same time still complying with CO emissions. While most existing studies concentrate on limitations related to the Minimum Oxygen Concentration (MOC) at the combustor exit, we report the importance of CO2 levels in the oxidizer. This limitation is as important as the MOC and it varies with the pressure and firing temperatures.

Study of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burnes ◽  
Priyank Saxena ◽  
Paul Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The growing call of minimizing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitting from energy and transportation products will spur innovation to meet new stringent requirements while striving to preserve significant investments in the current infrastructure. This paper presents quantitative analysis of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on industrial gas turbines to enable carbon sequestration venturing towards emission free operation. This study will show the effect of using EGR on gas turbine performance and operation, combustion characteristics, and demonstrate potential hybrid solutions with detailed constituent accounting. Both single shaft and two shaft gas turbines for power generation and mechanically driven equipment are considered for application of this technology. One key element is assessing the combustion system operating at reduced O2 levels within the industrial gas turbine. With the gas turbine behavior operating with EGR defined at a reasonable operating state, a parametric study shows rates of CO2 sequestration along with quantifying supplemental O2 required at the inlet, if needed, to sustain combustion. With rates of capture known, a further exploration is examined reviewing potential utilities, monetizing these sequestered constituents. Ultimately, the objective is to preview a potential future of operating industrial gas turbines in a non-emissive and in some cases carbon negative manner while still using hydrocarbon fuel.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Applied to Single-Shaft Gas Turbines: An Energy and Exergy Approach

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121656
Author(s):  
Joe Hachem ◽  
Thierry Schuhler ◽  
Dominique Orhon ◽  
Marianne Cuif-Sjostrand ◽  
Assaad Zoughaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Performance Assessment of a Micro Gas Turbine Cycle With Exhaust Gas Recirculation Fueled by Biogas for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei ◽  
Mohammad Mansouri Majoumerd ◽  
Mohsen Assadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

As a renewable energy source, biogas produced from anaerobic digestion seems to play an important role in the energy market. Unlike wind and solar, which are intermittent, gas turbines fueled by biogas provide dispatchable renewable energy that can be ramped up and down to match the demand. If post-combustion carbon capture systems are implemented, they can also result in negative CO2 emissions. However, one of the major challenges here is the energy needed for CO2 chemical absorption in post-combustion capture, which is closely related to the concentration of CO2 in the exhaust gas upstream of the capture unit. This paper presents an evaluation of the effects of biogas and exhaust gas recirculation use on the performance of the gas turbine cycle for post-combustion CO2 capture application. The study is based on a combined heat and power micro gas turbine, Turbec T100, delivering 100kWe. The thermodynamic model of the gas turbine has been validated against experimental data obtained from test facilities in Norway and the United Kingdom. Based on the validated model, performance calculations for the baseline micro gas turbine (fueled by natural gas), biogas-fired cases and the cycle with exhaust gas recirculation have been carried out at various operational conditions and compared together. A wide range of biogas composition with varying methane content was assumed for this study. Necessary minor modifications to fuel valves and compressor were assumed to allow the engine operation with different biogas composition. The methodology and results are fully discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals PM and NOX emissions amelioration from the combustion of diesel/ethanol-methanol blends applying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Miqdam T. Chaichan ◽  
Noora S. Ekab ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayad ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The fuel injection timings, equivalence ratio (Ø) and exhaust gas recirculation are considered the most important parameters can effect on combustion process and lower exhaust emissions concentrations. The influence of 15% EGR technology and operating parameters (Ø and injection timing) on NOX emissions and particulate matter (PM) using oxygenated fuel (ethanol and methanol) blends were investigated in this experimental study. The results showed that the NOX emissions concentrations with increasing the equivalence ratio (Ø) and applied EGR for all fuels studied. Besides, the E10 and M10 decreased the PM concentrations compared to the diesel fuel under various equivalence ratios (Ø). The applied EGR increased the PM concentrations, but when combination of oxygenated fuels and EGR leading to the decrease in the PM formation. The NOX emissions concentrations decreased from the combined effect of EGR and oxygenated fuels by 16.8%, 22.91% and 29.5% from the combustion of diesel, M10 and E10, respectively, under various injection timings. It is indicated that NOX emissions decreased with retarded injection timings, while the PM decreased under advanced injection timings.

Investigation of a FLOX®-Based Combustor for a Micro Gas Turbine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hasemann ◽  
A. Huber ◽  
C. Naumann ◽  
M. Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Micro gas turbines (MGT) offer interesting advantages for the use in combined heat and power (CHP) systems. A possibility to raise the total efficiency of a MGT is the introduction of an external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The composition of the working fluid due to EGR affects the combustion process and the formation of pollutants. Changes in flame position, flame volume and flame intensity as well as rising CO emissions in state of the art industrial burners have been described by several authors before. This paper describes the experimental investigation of a single stage FLOX®-based combustor for a MGT in the power range of 1–3 kWel applied with EGR. The tests were performed on an atmospheric test rig with optical access. The combustion air was preheated up to 718 °C and diltued with N2, CO2 and steam. A probe of the exhaust gas was analyzed for emissions and OH* chemiluminescence measurements were performed. In addition to the experiments, chemical kinetic simulations were performed. Results show, that the examined combustor is able to work stable even at very low oxygen levels (down to 12.6 %) at combustor inlet, although the possible range of operation under EGR conditions is reduced. The measured increase of CO emissions matches to the performed simulations.

Application of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a DLN F-Class Combustion System for Postcombustion Carbon Capture

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. ElKady ◽  
Andrei Evulet ◽  
Anthony Brand ◽  
Tord Peter Ursin ◽  
Arne Lynghjem
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper describes experimental work performed at General Electric, Global Research Center to evaluate the performance and understand the risks of using dry low NOx (DLN) technologies in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions. Exhaust gas recirculation is viewed as an enabling technology for increasing the CO2 concentration of the flue gas while decreasing the volume of the postcombustion separation plant and therefore allowing a significant reduction in CO2 capture cost. A research combustor was developed for exploring the performance of nozzles operating in low O2 environment at representative pressures and temperatures. A series of experiments in a visually accessible test rig have been performed at gas turbine pressures and temperatures, in which inert gases such as N2/CO2 were used to vitiate the fresh air to the levels determined by cycle models. Moreover, the paper discusses experimental work performed using a DLN nozzle used in GE’s F-class heavy-duty gas turbines. Experimental results using a research combustor operating in a partially premixed mode include the effect of EGR on operability, efficiency, and emission performance under conditions of up to 40% EGR. Experiments performed in a fully premixed mode using a DLN single nozzle combustor revealed that further reductions in NOx could be achieved while at the same time still complying with CO emissions. While most existing studies concentrate on limitations related to the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC) at the combustor exit, we report the importance of CO2 levels in the oxidizer. This limitation is as important as the MOC, and it varies with the pressure and firing temperatures.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Humidified Flexible Micro Gas Turbines for Carbon Capture Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Marina Montero Carrero ◽  
Simone Giorgetti ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Svend Bram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

From all fossil fuels, natural gas has the lowest carbon to hydrogen ratio, which enables Gas Turbines (GTs) running on natural gas to produce electricity with the lowest CO2 emissions per produced kWh. These lower emissions have pushed power production towards natural gas. However, if we want to move towards a carbon clean power production, the carbon in the exhaust must be captured. This leads to a major challenge since the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust of a GT makes carbon capture much more expensive compared to coal fired power production. The CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). However, EGR on GT cycles negatively affects the efficiency. Using the concept of Humid Air Turbine (HAT), we investigate whether the efficiency losses can be compensated by introducing water in the cycle. This paper presents this novel approach by showing the impact of EGR on a flexible humidified micro Gas Turbine (mGT). It is based on results of simulations performed in Aspen® using the Turbec T100 mGT as reference case. Both the dry and wet operation of the Turbec T100 were simulated and validated with experimental results. For improved carbon capture, EGR was simulated in both the dry and the humidified mGT cycle. Simulation results indicate that EGR has no effect on the thermodynamic performance of the mGT and its components (compressor, turbine and recuperator), however efficiency is reduced significantly (up to 3.8% relative at nominal power output) because of additional losses to the fan blower installed to ensure the EGR. Additionally, the cycle performance strongly depends on the degree of cooling of the EGR stream before injection in the compressor inlet. Nevertheless, the simulation results also reveal that mGT humidification increases the total cycle efficiency, entirely compensating the EGR induced losses. Humidifying the mGT with EGR even leads to a higher electric efficiency than the standard mGT cycle, unlocking the idea of carbon capture in mGTs.

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