Soil changes under different land-uses in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, Brazil

São diversos os problemas presentes nos espaços das cidades brasileiras, principalmente nos grandes espaços urbanos. Um desses problemas é a degradação do meio ambiente decorrente de intervenções não planejadas nesses espaços. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem o propósito de analisar a relação entre a produção do espaço urbano, que atribui diferentes usos ao solo e a degradação do meio ambiente na Bacia do Mata Fome em Belém, Pará. Além disso, foi realizado um mapeamento do uso do solo da área de estudo, onde foi utilizada a imagem do satélite Ikonos de 2006. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciaram que a produção do espaço urbano na Bacia do Mata Fome e os diversos usos do solo, provocaram degradação ambiental, por desencadearem a destruição da cobertura vegetal, poluição da água e do solo, mudanças na topografia dos terrenos, inundações, riscos à saúde, entre outros danos.Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; Urbanização; Bacia hidrográfica; Poluição.USE OF SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: a case study of Mata Fome basin in Belém, ParáABSTRACTThere are several problems present in the spaces of brazilian cities, especially in large urban areas. One such problem is the degradation of the environment due to unplanned interventions in these spaces. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the relationship between the production of urban space that assigns different uses to soil and environmental degradation in the Mata Fome Watershed in Belém, Pará. In addition, we carried out a mapping of the use of soil of the study area where the satellite image Ikonos 2006. The results of this study indicated that the production of urban space in Mata Fome Watershed and various land uses, caused environmental degradation was used to trigger the destruction of vegetation, water pollution and soil changes in the topography of the land, floods, health risks and other damage.Keywords: Environment; Urbanization; Hydrographic watershed; Pollution.USO DEL SUELO Y DEGRADACIÓN AMBIENTAL: estudio del caso de la cuenca del Mata Fome en Belém, ParáRESUMEN Hay varios problemas presentes en los espacios de las ciudades brasileñas, especialmente en las grandes áreas urbanas. Uno de estos problemas es la degradación del medio ambiente debido a las intervenciones no planificadas en estos espacios. En este sentido, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la producción del espacio urbano, que asigna a los diferentes usos del suelo y la degradación del medio ambiente en la Cuenca del Mata Fome en Belém, Pará. Además, se realizó un mapeo del uso del suelo de la zona de estudio, donde la imagen de satélite Ikonos 2006. Los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la producción del espacio urbano en la Cuenca del Mata Fome y diversos usos de la tierra causado la degradación ambiental se utilizó para desencadenar la destrucción de la vegetación, la contaminación del agua y los cambios de suelo en la topografía del terreno, inundaciones, riesgos para la salud, y otros daños.Palabras clave: Medio ambiente; Urbanización; Cuenca hidrográfica; Contaminación.

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Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-235-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 235-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

G. R. van der Werf ◽

D. C. Morton ◽

R. S. DeFries ◽

L. Giglio ◽

J. T. Randerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interannual Variability ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

Land Uses ◽

Time Step ◽

Detailed Model ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Fire Emissions ◽

Deforestation Rates ◽

In Fire

Abstract. Tropical deforestation contributes to the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Within the deforestation process, fire is frequently used to eliminate biomass in preparation for agricultural use. Quantifying these deforestation-induced fire emissions represents a challenge, and current estimates are only available at coarse spatial resolution with large uncertainty. Here we developed a biogeochemical model using remote sensing observations of plant productivity, fire activity, and deforestation rates to estimate emissions for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso during 2001–2005. Our model of DEforestation CArbon Fluxes (DECAF) runs at 250-m spatial resolution with a monthly time step to capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity in fire dynamics in our study area within the ''arc of deforestation'', the southern and eastern fringe of the Amazon tropical forest where agricultural expansion is most concentrated. Fire emissions estimates from our modelling framework were on average 90 Tg C year−1, mostly stemming from fires associated with deforestation (74%) with smaller contributions from fires from conversions of Cerrado or pastures to cropland (19%) and pasture fires (7%). In terms of carbon dynamics, about 80% of the aboveground living biomass and litter was combusted when forests were converted to pasture, and 89% when converted to cropland because of the highly mechanized nature of the deforestation process in Mato Grosso. The trajectory of land use change from forest to other land uses often takes more than one year, and part of the biomass that was not burned in the dry season following deforestation burned in consecutive years. This led to a partial decoupling of annual deforestation rates and fire emissions, and lowered interannual variability in fire emissions. Interannual variability in the region was somewhat dampened as well because annual emissions from fires following deforestation and from maintenance fires did not covary, although the effect was small due to the minor contribution of maintenance fires. Our results demonstrate how the DECAF model can be used to model deforestation fire emissions at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. Detailed model output is suitable for policy applications concerned with annual emissions estimates distributed among post-clearing land uses and science applications in combination with atmospheric emissions modelling to provide constrained global deforestation fire emissions estimates. DECAF currently estimates emissions from fire; future efforts can incorporate other aspects of net carbon emissions from deforestation including soil respiration and regrowth.

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Droughts Amplify Differences Between the Energy Balance Components of Amazon Forests and Croplands

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12030525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 525

Author(s):

Charles Caioni ◽

Divino Vicente Silvério ◽

Marcia N. Macedo ◽

Michael T. Coe ◽

Paulo M. Brando

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Land Surface ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Land Uses ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Regional Energy ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Southern Amazonia

Droughts can exert a strong influence on the regional energy balance of the Amazon and Cerrado, as can the replacement of native vegetation by croplands. What remains unclear is how these two forcing factors interact and whether land cover changes fundamentally alter the sensitivity of the energy balance components to drought events. To fill this gap, we used remote sensing data to evaluate the impacts of drought on evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), and albedo on cultivated areas, savannas, and forests. Our results (for seasonal drought) indicate that increases in monthly dryness across Mato Grosso state (southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado) drive greater increases in LST and albedo in croplands than in forests. Furthermore, during the 2007 and 2010 droughts, croplands became hotter (0.1–0.8 °C) than savannas (0.3–0.6 °C) and forests (0.2–0.3 °C). However, forest ET was consistently higher than ET in all other land uses. This finding likely indicates that forests can access deeper soil water during droughts. Overall, our findings suggest that forest remnants can play a fundamental role in the mitigation of the negative impacts of extreme drought events, contributing to a higher ET and lower LST.

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Politics and power in territorial planning: insights from two 'Ecological-Economic Zoning' multi-stakeholder processes in the Brazilian Amazon

International Forestry Review ◽

10.1505/146554821833466077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 59-75

Author(s):

J. Gonzales Tovar ◽

A.M. Larson ◽

J.P. Sarmiento Barletti ◽

G. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Land Uses ◽

Local Production ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Ecological Economic ◽

Political Processes ◽

Territorial Planning ◽

Federal Mandate ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Multi Stakeholder

The use of multi-stakeholder forums (MSFs) in territorial planning has gained global popularity. These MSFs aim to bring diverse actors together to collaboratively and equitably develop a plan that assigns optimal land uses to a territory. However, as promoting particular land uses and benefits for some actors often comes at a cost to others, territorial planning MSFs may reproduce or even exacerbate, rather than mitigate, conflicts and asymmetries. We comparatively analyze collaboration, power relations and sustainability goals in the Ecological-Economic Zoning commissions of Acre and Mato Grosso, Brazil, which fall under the same federal mandate but operate in contrasting contexts. We show how territorial planning MSFs have better chances of meeting their goals when they are understood as political processes: in this case, when they emerge from and are nourished by powerful local social-environmental movements and alliances, rather than being technocratic initiatives opposed by powerful local production-business alliances.

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From paddy to different land uses - soil changes in Albaqualfs in the lowlands of southern Brazil

Geoderma Regional ◽

10.1016/j.geodrs.2021.e00409 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e00409

Author(s):

Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro ◽

Edenara De Marco ◽

Giovani Theisen ◽

Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de Lima ◽

Filipe Selau Carlos

Keyword(s):

Land Uses ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Soil Changes

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Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-5-3533-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 3533-3573 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. R. van der Werf ◽

D. C. Morton ◽

R. S. DeFries ◽

L. Giglio ◽

J. T. Randerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interannual Variability ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

Land Uses ◽

Time Step ◽

Detailed Model ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Fire Emissions ◽

Deforestation Rates ◽

In Fire

Abstract. Tropical deforestation contributes to the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Within the deforestation process, fire is frequently used to eliminate biomass in preparation for agricultural use. Quantifying these deforestation-induced fire emissions represents a challenge, and current estimates are only available at coarse spatial resolution with large uncertainty. Here we developed a biogeochemical model using remote sensing observations of plant productivity, fire activity, and deforestation rates to estimate emissions for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso during 2001–2005. Our model of DEforestation CArbon Fluxes (DECAF) runs at 250-m spatial resolution with a monthly time step to capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity in fire dynamics in our study area within the "arc of deforestation", the southern and eastern fringe of the Amazon tropical forest where agricultural expansion is most concentrated. Fire emissions estimates from our modelling framework were on average 90 Tg C year−1, mostly stemming from fires associated with deforestation (74%) with smaller contributions from fires from conversions of Cerrado or pastures to cropland (19%) and pasture fires (7%). In terms of carbon dynamics, about 80% of the aboveground living biomass and litter was combusted when forests were converted to pasture, and 89% when converted to cropland because of the highly mechanized nature of the deforestation process in Mato Grosso. The trajectory of land use change from forest to other land uses often takes more than one year, and part of the biomass that was not burned in the dry season following deforestation burned in consecutive years. This led to a partial decoupling of annual deforestation rates and fire emissions, and lowered interannual variability in fire emissions. Interannual variability in the region was somewhat dampened as well because annual emissions from fires following deforestation and from maintenance fires did not covary, although the effect was small due to the minor contribution of maintenance fires. Our results demonstrate how the DECAF model can be used to model deforestation fire emissions at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. Detailed model output is suitable for policy applications concerned with annual emissions estimates distributed among post-clearing land uses and science applications in combination with atmospheric emissions modelling to provide constrained global deforestation fire emissions estimates. DECAF currently estimates emissions from fire; future efforts can incorporate other aspects of net carbon emissions from deforestation including soil respiration and regrowth.

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Análise ambiental do desmatamento em área de assentamento rural no Cerrado (Mato Grosso, Brasil)

Terr Plural ◽

10.5212/terraplural.v.14.2015189.060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Gustavo Benedito Medeiros Alves ◽

Simoni Maria Loverde-Oliveira ◽

Dhonatan Diego Pessi ◽

Alecsandra Pazza Martarello ◽

Aparecido Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Land Uses ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Local Populations ◽

Agricultural Settlement

The study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of the ‘Cerrado’ vegetation cover of the Carimã Agricultural Settlement in Rondonópolis (State of Mato Grosso) employing the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). In 22 years, about 18.2% of the vegetation was removed. In 1995, before the settlement, the vegetation represented 34.4%; in 2017 it remained 18% of the total area. This process has led to major transformations in the region and even in local populations, especially concerning the different land uses and occupations. The suppression of vegetation was linked to uses for agriculture and tourism, with exploration practices that may have contributed to the loss of the Cerrado ecosystem functions

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