scholarly journals No need to beat around the bushmeat – The role of wildlife trade and conservation initiatives in the emergence of zoonotic diseases

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07692
Author(s):  
M.H. Hilderink ◽  
I.I. de Winter
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Trade

scholarly journals Role of Multisector Partnerships in Controlling Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1813-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Marano ◽  
Paul Arguin ◽  
Marguerite Pappaioanou ◽  
Lonnie King
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Diseases

The Maoist people's war and conservation in Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Baral ◽  
Joel T. Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
Developed Nations

Civil wars are frequent in lesser-developed nations, wherein is harbored a disproportionate share of the world's biodiversity. These wars have had serious detrimental effects, direct and indirect, on conservation programs. From 2001 to 2005, we conducted site visits, personal interviews, and document searches bearing upon this problem as exemplified by Nepal's ongoing Maoist insurgency. Cases of insurgents usurping full control of several protected areas have come to light, as has a rapid increase in poaching and illicit wildlife trade nation-wide. Staff and infrastructure of conservation agencies and non-governmental organizations have been attacked. The Nepalese situation invites reassessment of traditional “fortresses-and-fines” conservation strategies as well as more modern “community-based” approaches that require local governmental offices to remain functional. Also called into question is the role of military force in the protection of parks and reserves. In times of civil strife, we conclude, robust conservation may most likely be achieved by nongovernmental organizations that are politically neutral and financially independent.

scholarly journals Risk of Importing Zoonotic Diseases through Wildlife Trade, United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pavlin ◽  
Lisa M. Schloegel ◽  
Peter Daszak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Trade

scholarly journals Public health implications of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Vrinda Menon K. ◽  
Jolly Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Rodent Populations

Rodents are the most abundant and diversified order of living mammals in the world. Their proximity with human population helps in the transmission of various zoonotic diseases. They are known to transmit around 60 common zoonotic diseases and not only serve as reservoirs of some of the emerging zoonoses but also hosts for a number of infectious diseases. They also provide a nexus between wildlife and humans exposing humans to zoonotic diseases circulating in the natural ecosystem. Rodent populations fluctuate in abundance over both seasonal and multiannual time scales. Rodents are known to be the primary or definitive host for diseases like plague, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leishmaniasis, hymenolepiasis, and moniliformiasis; whereas in other diseases, rodents act as the secondary host. There is an urgent need for field studies of rodent population to determine the likely role of particular rodent species as reservoirs of these diseases and to understand rodent-human interactions. Keywords: Rodents, Zoonotic diseases

scholarly journals No Evidence of Coronaviruses or Other Potentially Zoonotic Viruses in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Entering the Wildlife Trade via Malaysia

EcoHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Lee ◽  
Tom Hughes ◽  
Mei-Ho Lee ◽  
Hume Field ◽  
Jeffrine Japning Rovie-Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Livestock Health

AbstractThe legal and illegal trade in wildlife for food, medicine and other products is a globally significant threat to biodiversity that is also responsible for the emergence of pathogens that threaten human and livestock health and our global economy. Trade in wildlife likely played a role in the origin of COVID-19, and viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 have been identified in bats and pangolins, both traded widely. To investigate the possible role of pangolins as a source of potential zoonoses, we collected throat and rectal swabs from 334 Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) confiscated in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah between August 2009 and March 2019. Total nucleic acid was extracted for viral molecular screening using conventional PCR protocols used to routinely identify known and novel viruses in extensive prior sampling (> 50,000 mammals). No sample yielded a positive PCR result for any of the targeted viral families—Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae. In the light of recent reports of coronaviruses including a SARS-CoV-2-related virus in Sunda pangolins in China, the lack of any coronavirus detection in our ‘upstream’ market chain samples suggests that these detections in ‘downstream’ animals more plausibly reflect exposure to infected humans, wildlife or other animals within the wildlife trade network. While confirmatory serologic studies are needed, it is likely that Sunda pangolins are incidental hosts of coronaviruses. Our findings further support the importance of ending the trade in wildlife globally.

scholarly journals Neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria: role of the public health veterinarian

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusirat Elelu ◽  
Julius Olaniyi Aiyedun ◽  
Ibraheem Ghali Mohammed ◽  
Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo ◽  
Ismail Ayoade Odetokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Importance of Lipopolysaccharide and Cyclicβ-1,2-Glucans inBrucella-Mammalian Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Haag ◽  
Kamila K. Myka ◽  
Markus F. F. Arnold ◽  
Paola Caro-Hernández ◽  
Gail P. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Causative Agents

Brucellaspecies are the causative agents of one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases: brucellosis. Infections byBrucellaspecies cause major economic losses in agriculture, leading to abortions in infected animals and resulting in a severe, although rarely lethal, debilitating disease in humans.Brucellaspecies persist as intracellular pathogens that manage to effectively evade recognition by the host's immune system. Sugar-modified components in theBrucellacell envelope play an important role in their host interaction.Brucellalipopolysaccharide (LPS), unlikeEscherichia coliLPS, does not trigger the host's innate immune system.Brucellaproduces cyclicβ-1,2-glucans, which are important for targeting them to their replicative niche in the endoplasmic reticulum within the host cell. This paper will focus on the role of LPS and cyclicβ-1,2-glucans inBrucella-mammalian infections and discuss the use of mutants, within the biosynthesis pathway of these cell envelope structures, in vaccine development.

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