scholarly journals Public health implications of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Vrinda Menon K. ◽  
Jolly Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Rodent Populations

Rodents are the most abundant and diversified order of living mammals in the world. Their proximity with human population helps in the transmission of various zoonotic diseases. They are known to transmit around 60 common zoonotic diseases and not only serve as reservoirs of some of the emerging zoonoses but also hosts for a number of infectious diseases. They also provide a nexus between wildlife and humans exposing humans to zoonotic diseases circulating in the natural ecosystem. Rodent populations fluctuate in abundance over both seasonal and multiannual time scales. Rodents are known to be the primary or definitive host for diseases like plague, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leishmaniasis, hymenolepiasis, and moniliformiasis; whereas in other diseases, rodents act as the secondary host. There is an urgent need for field studies of rodent population to determine the likely role of particular rodent species as reservoirs of these diseases and to understand rodent-human interactions. Keywords: Rodents, Zoonotic diseases

scholarly journals Population cycles and outbreaks of small rodents: ten essential questions we still need to solve

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry P. Andreassen ◽  
Janne Sundell ◽  
Fraucke Ecke ◽  
Stefan Halle ◽  
Marko Haapakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Rodent Populations

AbstractMost small rodent populations in the world have fascinating population dynamics. In the northern hemisphere, voles and lemmings tend to show population cycles with regular fluctuations in numbers. In the southern hemisphere, small rodents tend to have large amplitude outbreaks with less regular intervals. In the light of vast research and debate over almost a century, we here discuss the driving forces of these different rodent population dynamics. We highlight ten questions directly related to the various characteristics of relevant populations and ecosystems that still need to be answered. This overview is not intended as a complete list of questions but rather focuses on the most important issues that are essential for understanding the generality of small rodent population dynamics.

scholarly journals What evidence exists on the impact of specific ecosystem components and functions on infectious diseases? A systematic map

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Lugassy ◽  
Ludivine Amdouni-Boursier ◽  
Haoues Alout ◽  
Romuald Berrebi ◽  
Christophe Boëte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The control and prevention of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases is often based on the reduction of host or vector populations, involving but not limited to preventative culling and use of insecticides. Yet, destructive interventions such as these have shown several limitations including ineffectiveness on arthropods and negative impacts on ecosystems. An alternative strategy would be to rely on the natural ecosystem functions and their careful management to regulate such diseases. The goal of our work was to evaluate existing scientific evidence on potential links between ecosystem components/functions and 14 vector-borne and zoonotic diseases impacting human health and answer the question: “What evidence exists on the impact of specific ecosystem components and functions on infectious diseases?”. Methods We searched for scientific articles published in English and French and screened them in a 3-round process (title, abstract and full-text). Articles were retained, without any geographical limitation, if they matched the following eligibility criteria: an exposure/intervention linked to changes in biological communities, habitats, or landscapes; an outcome consisting of any measure of infection in vector, animal or human hosts; and the presence of a comparator, in time and/or in space. The results are presented as a systematic map, followed by a narrative review where the amount of papers allowed for synthesis. Results Searches in 5 scientific publication databases allowed to retrieve 9723 unique articles, among which 207 were retained after the screening process. The amount of relevant literature was highly variable depending on diseases, and the types of exposures also varied greatly among studies focusing on the same disease. A hundred articles presented in the map were unique in their “disease x exposure” combination and thus not eligible for further narrative description. The remaining 107 articles were organized in 34 “disease x exposure” groups, encompassing 9 out of the 14 initial diseases. The groups were composed of 2 to 16 articles and were examined to provide a description of the current state of knowledge for those diseases. Conclusion Studies investigating the interaction between infectious diseases and ecosystems components and functions are still very scarce, and certain diseases are much more studied than others. Out of 14 diseases, 8 generated less than 10 relevant articles, while 2 diseases (Lyme disease and West Nile disease) represented 44% of all relevant studies. Although several vector-borne diseases included in the review represent a major health issue in the world, such as malaria or dengue, they have been exclusively studied under the prism of land-use, and we were unable to find relevant studies that tested the regulatory role of animal biodiversity-related functions. The role of predation in the regulation of vector and host populations has rarely been studied, with the exception of schistosomiasis. The dilution and amplification effects were addressed in several studies focusing on the composition of ecological communities. This map is a first step and could be upgraded in order to guide future research projects with the aim to conduct meta-analysis and build a robust evidence base to inform decision-making.

scholarly journals Analysis of endowed lands in spatial development of Rasht city in recent three decades

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Roohangiz Asayesh Talab ◽  
Shahram Amir Entekhabi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Social System ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The World

Endowment in undoubtedly one of legal cases that its similarities can’t be seen in ay social system especially legal judicial system of countries in the world, because based on written rules of all countries and even ourselves ownership has had especial condition and based on specific regulations ownership of people isn’t deprived. This research by using descriptive and analytic method beside library,attributional studies and field observations analyzed effects of endowed lands in spatial development of Rasht city in three recent decades and the goal of analysis of effects of endowed lands in spatial development of Rasht city and identification and introduction of effective endowed lands in rasht and presenting necessary strategies in the direction of optimized use of endowed lands in the direction of developing Rasht city. Cities basically tend to development and achieve specific geographical titles in the direction of development that each one has concept for district but this urban growth is related with active role of performance of any city.By increasing population in Rasht city due to centrality of province physical and spatial growth of a city became a lot and has changed spatial development of activities of suburb severely and is effective n land use change legally and illegally, as productive functions and natural spaces have been destructed and potential and actual resources are reduced. Therefore in between endowed lands can be effective in some points. Because in Rasht city there are many endowed lands that in case of identification and studying and interaction of offices related with the office of religious affairs of Guilanprovice can use these lands in the bst way. Although surveying of respondents of statistical society was based on the role and moderate to low effect of endowed lands in spatial development of Rasht city but the writer regarding field studies has achieved this point that in case of studying and integrated planningand interaction of offices with each other’s and paving the way for administrative problems and delivering some of these lands to private sector by satisfaction of endowedpeople and or survivors by observing legal religion of these lands we can havesignificant role in spatial development of Rasht city.

scholarly journals Changes in epidemiology of leptospirosis in 2003–2004, a two El Niño Southern Oscillation period, Guadeloupe archipelago, French West Indies

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1407-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. HERRMANN STORCK ◽  
D. POSTIC ◽  
I. LAMAURY ◽  
J. M. PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
West Indies ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Rodent Populations

SUMMARYOur study aimed at analysing the changes in epidemiological features of leptospirosis cases from the hospital of Pointe à Pitre in Guadeloupe in 2003–2004 compared to reliable data in 1994–2001. Leptospirosis incidence increased fourfold during 2002–2004, a period with two El Niño events. Whereas the main risk factors were unchanged (male gender, occupational exposure, contact with cattle or pigs) a major role of rodent exposure emerged (52%,P=0·02, multivariate analysis). Interestingly, mean age of cases shifted to the older population (51·7 yearsvs. 43 years,P<0·05). Moreover, the Ballum serogroup rose dramatically (36% of incidence) competing with the Icterohaemorragiae serogroup (62%). However, severe forms were less recorded. Our data suggest that the changes in leptospirosis features could be related to exceptional meteorological events and their consequences on rodent populations. We propose the monitoring of rodent population and climatic data as a tool of management of leptospirosis in Guadeloupe.

scholarly journals The role of conservation biology in the New Millenium

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

I officially take over as editor of Pacific Conservation Biology with the first issue of the third volume. Having the chance to write this editorial gives me an early opportunity to explain how I view the world and the role of conservation biologists in the coming millennium. It also gives me an opportunity to express my view of how I see the role of Pacific Conservation Biology in the struggle to conserve and protect the natural world from an expanding and all-consuming human population.

scholarly journals The role of soil in saving human race from COVID-19 pandemic

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
C.L.A. Asadu
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
The World ◽  
Dead Bodies

Soil is the most complex part of land as its contents are made of all the other key components of land namely geology (soil minerals), hydrology (soil water), atmosphere (soil air), and organisms including man (soil organic matter including dead bodies). This is why the functions of the soil are not only numerous but also indispensable. Among the functions, the role of the soil in sustaining human life remains unimaginable. Over 3.8 million people have been killed by COVID-19 by June 15, 2021 in the world and more are still dying. Some unrecorded millions died of hunger as a result of the lockdown during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. Where are these dead bodies and materials associated with those that died of COVID-19? Where did all the food palliatives (rice, maize, wheat, yam, gari, vegetable oil, etc.) come from? The human body is composed of approximately 64% water, 20% protein, 10% fat, 1% carbohydrate, 5% minerals. When decomposed these various components result to various gaseous compounds and residues that are harmful to human life and environment. When dead bodies are buried human health and environment are saved. The dead bodies, the wastes and their contents are in the soil providing “palliatives” to soil microorganisms while protecting the remaining human population and the environment. Cremation products also end up in the soil. The soil also provided and still provides the food palliatives. Thus, the soil is our number one saviour against COVID-19 pandemic and can be adjudged as the saviour of the human race to date. Coincidentally man was made from the soil and must return to the soil. Key words: soil functions, burial, cremation, palliatives, COVID-19

The essence and causes of the spiritual and moral decline of mankind in the XX century

1998 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V. Tolkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion

One of the most important reasons for such a clearly distressed state of society was the decline of religion as a social force, the external manifestation of which is the weakening of religious institutions. "Religion," Baha'u'llah writes, "is the greatest of all means of establishing order in the world to the universal satisfaction of those who live in it." The weakening of the foundations of religion strengthened the ranks of ignoramuses, gave them impudence and arrogance. "I truly say that everything that belittles the supreme role of religion opens way for the revelry of maliciousness, inevitably leading to anarchy. " In another Tablet, He says: "Religion is a radiant light and an impregnable fortress that ensures the safety and well-being of the peoples of the world, for God-fearing induces man to adhere to the good and to reject all evil." Blink the light of religion, and chaos and distemper will set in, the radiance of justice, justice, tranquility and peace. "

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

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