scholarly journals TNF-α, foam cells and abdominal aortic wall thickness in rats with subchronical inhalation exposure of transfluthrin

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prameswari ◽  
D. Soeatmadji
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness

Anti-atherosclerotic activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas (L.) leaves in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Arief Waskito ◽  
Djanggan Sargowo ◽  
Umi Kalsum ◽  
Askandar Tjokroprawiro
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, are the leading cause of human mortality in Indonesia. Ipomoea batatas (L.) is a food plant used in Indonesian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. We assessed the anti-atherosclerotic activity of the aqueous extract of I. batatas leaves in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and its mechanism. Methods The presence of amino acid content in the I. batatas L. purple variant was determined by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6/group), i.e., standard diet group (SD), high-fat diet group (HF), and HF plus I. batatas L. extracts orally (625; 1,250; or 2,500 mg/kg) groups. The numbers of macrophages and aortic wall thickness were analyzed histologically. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess foam cells-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the aorta. Results LC-HRMS analysis showed nine amino acid content were identified from I. batatas L. In vivo study revealed that oral administration of I. batatas L. leaf extract alleviated foam cells-oxLDL formation and aortic wall thickness caused by high-fat diet atherosclerosis rats. Further, I. batatas L. leaf extract promoted the number of macrophages and modulated VEGF and eNOS expression in the aorta. Conclusions I. batatas L. leaf extract shows a positive anti-atherosclerosis effect. Furthermore, the mechanism may promote the macrophages, eNOS, VEGF expressions, and inhibition of foam cells-oxLDL formation and aortic wall thickness with the best dosage at 2,500 mg/kg. This could represent a novel approach to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Association of Abdominal Aortic Wall Thickness in the Newborn with Maternal Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Iwashima ◽  
Takamichi Ishikawa ◽  
Ohishi Akira ◽  
Hiroaki Itou
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness

Abstract 107: Increased Peak Wall Stress in Women With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Shang ◽  
Grace Wang ◽  
Ronald Fairman ◽  
Benjamin Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Rupture Risk ◽  
Intraluminal Thrombus ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness ◽  
Peak Wall Stress

Objective: Women with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) exhibit more rapid aneurysm growth and greater rupture risk at equivalent diameters relative to men. Evidence suggests that biomechanical peak wall stress (PWS) derived from finite element analysis of AAAs is a superior predictor of rupture compared to maximum transverse diameter (MTD). This study aimed to investigate differences in the calculated PWS of AAAs between men and women. Method: Men (n=35) and women (n=35) with infrarenal AAAs with 45-55mm MTD undergoing CTA were identified. Customized image processing algorithms extracted patient-specific AAA geometries from raw DICOM images. The resulting aortic reconstructions incorporated patient-specific and regionally resolved aortic wall thickness, intraluminal thrombus, and wall calcifications. Aortic models were loaded with 120mmHg blood pressure using commercially available FEA solvers. Results: Peak wall stress was found to be significantly higher in women (299±51 vs 257±53 kPA, P=0.001, see Figure). Neither MTD (50.5±3.1 vs 49.8±2.9 mm, P=0.34), mean aortic wall thickness (2.38±0.52 vs 2.34±0.50 mm, P=0.69), nor wall thickness at location of PWS (2.36±0.60 vs 2.20±0.46 mm, P=0.20) varied by sex. While there were no sex-associated differences in aneurysm volume (86.6±27.0 vs 94.8±25.5 cm 3 , P=0.76) or intraluminal thrombus volume (14.2±11.7 vs 16.3±13.4 mm, P=0.33), women’s AAAs had significantly increased maximum Gaussian curvature (0.032±0.011 vs 0.025±0.015 mm -2 , P=0.03). Conclusion: Comparably sized AAAs in women were shown to have significantly higher peak wall stress. Maximum gaussian curvature, a measure of aneurysm morphology, was significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that men and women possess distinct aneurysm geometries, and that PWS-derived rupture risk prediction may provide a more reliable estimator of rupture risk in all patients.

scholarly journals Shortening tends to increase aortic foam cell count and wall thickness in male Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rokhima Lusiantari ◽  
Miranti Dewi Pramaningtyas ◽  
Titis Nurmasitoh ◽  
Rachmi Hidayati Pattimura ◽  
Anggita Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness ◽  
The Mean

Background<br />Shortening is widely used as raw material for bread and other foods. Hypercholesterolemia increases aortic arch foam cell formation and abdominal aortic wall thickness. This study aimed to determine the effect of shortening on the number of aortic arch foam cells and abdominal aortic wall thickness in rats.<br /><br />Methods<br />This study was of experimental posttest control group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups. The negative control group (C-) received standard feed, the positive control group (C+) standard high-fat feed, group T1 shortening and standard feed at a ratio of 1:5 and group T2 shortening and standard feed at a ratio of 1:10. The interventions were given for 6 weeks through gavage. The foam cell count in the aortic arch and the thickness of the abdominal aortic wall were measured. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. <br /><br />Results<br /><p>There was no significant difference in the mean foam cell count of the aortic arch between the four groups C- (7.17 ± 4.17), C + (9.33 ± 7.01), T1 (11.83 ± 4.88) and T2 (9.33 ± 6.80) (p=0.598). The mean thickness of the abdominal aortic wall between the four groups C- (741.98 ± 60.67μm), C + (714.29 ± 90.59μm), T1 (838.90 ± 75.86 μm), and T2 (749.88 ± 99.37μm) also was not significantly different (p=0.110).</p><br />Conclusion <br />Shortening tends to increase the foam cell count of the aortic arch and the thickness of the abdominal aortic wall of rats.

AB0967 Determinants of Aortic Wall Thickness in Patients without Aortitis: A Computed Tomography-Based Study: Table 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 1119.3-1120
Author(s):  
A. Nakhleh ◽  
D. Rimar ◽  
I. Rukhkyan ◽  
V. Wolfson ◽  
I. Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness

scholarly journals Validation of semiautomated and locally resolved aortic wall thickness measurements from computed tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Shang ◽  
Eric Lai ◽  
Alison M. Pouch ◽  
Robin Hinmon ◽  
Robert C. Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Maternal undernutrition reduces aortic wall thickness and elastin content in offspring rats without altering endothelial function

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Skilton ◽  
Alison K. Gosby ◽  
Ben J. Wu ◽  
Lisa M. L. Ho ◽  
Roland Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness

Epidemiological studies suggest a link between fetal/early infant nutrition and adult coronary artery disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of altering nutrition during gestation, lactation and juvenile life on aortic structure and function in rats. Wistar rat dams were fed either a control or low-protein diet throughout pregnancy, or a low-protein diet for the final 7 days of gestation only. At 21 days post-partum, male pups were weaned on to a control, low-protein or high-fat diet. At 12 weeks, the offspring rats were killed. In 46 rats, aortic sections were mounted and stained to assess media thickness and elastin content. In a further 38 rats, aortic rings were suspended in an organ bath and vascular reactivity was tested with dose–response curves to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine and the endothelium-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside. Rats exposed to maternal protein restriction while in utero had a significantly decreased aortic wall thickness compared with control rats (P=0.005). Total elastin content of the aorta was also decreased by both maternal low-protein (P=0.02) and early postnatal low-protein (P=0.01) diets. Neither maternal nor postnatal low-protein or high-fat diets, however, resulted in any significant changes in arterial dilator function. In conclusion, fetal undernutrition in rats, induced via a maternal low-protein diet, causes a decrease in aortic wall thickness and elastin content without altering aortic dilator function. These changes in vascular structure may amplify aging-related changes to the vasculature and contribute to the pathophysiology of the putative link between impaired fetal growth and adult cardiovascular disease.

Abstract P363: Visceral, but Not Subcutaneous Adiposity by Computed Tomography is Associated With Increased Aortic Wall Thickness in Psoriasis Patients

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob W Groenendyk ◽  
Parag Shukla ◽  
Youssef A Elnabawi ◽  
Joshua P Rivers ◽  
Aditya Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Aortic Wall Thickness ◽  
Subcutaneous Adiposity

Introduction: Patients with psoriasis (PSO), an inflammatory skin disease, experience increased cardiovascular disease and obesity. Traditional measures of obesity, such as BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), do not fully capture the increased cardiovascular risk. Assessment of adipose tissue distribution via CT scan enables characterization of visceral adiposity (VAT) versus subcutaneous adiposity (SAT), which is clinically useful as excess VAT is known to be associated with cardiovascular events. Aortic Wall Thickness (AWT) is a validated measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between adiposity distribution and AWT is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that VAT, but not SAT, BMI, or WHR, would be associated with increased AWT in PSO patients. Methods: Consecutive PSO patients (n=164) underwent quantification of VAT and SAT via CT, and AWT via MRI of the descending aorta. Interrelationships were analyzed via multivariable regression. Results: Patients were middle-aged (mean 50.4), predominantly male (56%), and were at low cardiovascular risk (median Framingham risk 3), despite high prevalence of hyperlipidemia (47%). VAT was significantly associated with AWT (β=0.18, p=0.04), SAT, BMI, or WHR did not demonstrate similar association. This association persisted beyond adjustment for SAT, Framingham score, insulin resistance, and systolic BP (β=0.30, p=0.03). Conclusions: Visceral adiposity demonstrated an association with AWT, a marker of early atherosclerosis, whereas subcutaneous adiposity, BMI, and WHR did not. These findings add to a growing body of literature that visceral fat and its assessment may provide incremental data for risk of subclinical CVD.

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