Is left ventricular dimension an accurate and sufficient criteria for timing of severe aortic regurgitation surgery?

This paper describes the partial results of an echocardiographic study in sixty outbreed Wistar rats. Animals of parity sex ratio were chosen for the experiment. The animals were grown up during the observation period (the minimum weight was 220 g; the maximum weight was 909 g) and were then sequentially anaesthetised (2–2.5% of isoflurane, 3 l/min O<sub>2</sub>). The second, fourth and fifth examinations were performed under anaesthesia maintained by intramuscular injections with diazepam (2 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (35 mg/kg). Transthoracal examination was done using the SonoSite Titan echo system (SonoSite Ltd.) with a microconvex transducer C11 (8–5 MHz). M-mode (according to the leading-edge method of American Society of Echocardiography) echocardiography data were acquired at the papillary muscle: systolic and diastolic interventricular septum (IVSs, d) and left vetricular posterior wall (LVPWs, d) thickness, systolic and diastolic left ventricular dimension (LVDs, d), aorta (Ao) and left atrium (LA) dimensions. According to standard formulas, the following parameters were obtained: ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), left ventricle end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV), interventricular septum fractional thickening (IVSFT), left ventricular dimension fraction shortening (LVDFS), and left ventricle posterior wall fraction thickening (LVPWFS). In our study we performed 300 examinations both in male and female Wistar rats of various body weights and calculated regression equations to predict expected normal echocardiographic parameters for rats with arbitrary weights. The rats were examined by an echo scan. The first and third examinations were performed during mono-anaesthesia induced by inhalation of isoflurane. Correlations, with one exception (LVDs), were very close, which means that the results of the calculations based on regression equations are very reliable.    

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Evaluation of left ventricular dimension and systolic function by standard transthoracic echocardiography before and 24-hours after percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 120 dogs

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0223676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. e0223676 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diego Piantedosi ◽

Alfonso Piscitelli ◽

Angela De Rosa ◽

Blanca Serrano Lopez ◽

Marta Claretti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patent Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽

Systolic Function ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Percutaneous Closure ◽

Left Ventricular Dimension ◽

Ventricular Dimension ◽

Patent Ductus

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Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type Without Attachment to Anterior Mitral Leaflet) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Severe Aortic Regurgitation

Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-12934-1_91 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 295-296

Author(s):

Hakimeh Sadeghian ◽

Zahra Savand-Roomi

Keyword(s):

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Aortic Regurgitation ◽

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Mitral Leaflet ◽

Anterior Mitral Leaflet ◽

Severe Aortic Regurgitation ◽

Left Ventricular Outflow ◽

Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis

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New Imaging Markers of Clinical Outcome in Asymptomatic Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1654

Author(s):

Radka Kočková ◽

Hana Línková ◽

Zuzana Hlubocká ◽

Alena Pravečková ◽

Andrea Polednová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Regurgitation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Vena Contracta ◽

Severe Aortic Regurgitation ◽

End Diastolic Volume ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Imaging Markers ◽

And Function

Background: Determining the value of new imaging markers to predict aortic valve (AV) surgery in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) in a prospective, observational, multicenter study. Methods: Consecutive patients with chronic severe AR were enrolled between 2015–2018. Baseline examination included echocardiography (ECHO) with 2- and 3-dimensional (2D and 3D) vena contracta area (VCA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regurgitant volume (RV) and fraction (RF) analyzed in CoreLab. Results: The mean follow-up was 587 days (interquartile range (IQR) 296–901) in a total of 104 patients. Twenty patients underwent AV surgery. Baseline clinical and laboratory data did not differ between surgically and medically treated patients. Surgically treated patients had larger left ventricular (LV) dimension, end-diastolic volume (all p < 0.05), and the LV ejection fraction was similar. The surgical group showed higher prevalence of severe AR (70% vs. 40%, p = 0.02). Out of all imaging markers 3D VCA, MRI-derived RV and RF were identified as the strongest independent predictors of AV surgery (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Parameters related to LV morphology and function showed moderate accuracy to identify patients in need of early AV surgery at the early stage of the disease. 3D ECHO-derived VCA and MRI-derived RV and RF showed high accuracy and excellent sensitivity to identify patients in need of early surgery.

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Dimensional analysis of the left ventricle: effects of acute aortic regurgitation

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.2.536 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 228 (2) ◽

pp. 536-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SJ Leshin ◽

LD Horwitz ◽

JH Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Aortic Regurgitation ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Systolic Volume ◽

Severe Aortic Regurgitation ◽

End Diastolic Volume ◽

Catheter Technique ◽

End Systolic Volume

The effects of acute severe aortic regurgitation on the left ventricle were investigated in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. Left ventricular dimensions and volumes were measured from biplane cineradiographs of beads positioned near the endocardium. Data were collected before and after the production of aortic regurgitation by a catheter technique. The aortic regurgitation resulted in increases in mean aortic pulse pressure from 44 to 73 mmHg (P smaller than 0.001), heart rate from 87 to 122 beats/min (P smaller than 0.02), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 11 to 25 mmHg (P smaller than 0.05). Mean end-diastolic volume rose from 61 to 69 cc (P smaller than 0.001), while end-systolic volume remained unchanged at 37 cc. The end-diastolic dilatation following regurgitation was asymmetrical in that the increase in size was due principally to an increase in the septal-lateral axis. The acute volume load of aortic regurgitation was accomplished by an increase in end-diastolic volume, i.e., the Frank-Starling mechanism. The tachycardia probably reflects augmented cardiac sympathetic activity, but the constant end-systolic volume at a similar mean systolic pressure suggests that the net contractile state was unchanged.

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