Exploring the social legacy of frequent wildfires: Organizational responses for community recovery following the 2018 Camp Fire

2021 ◽  
pp. 102772
Author(s):  
Catrin M. Edgeley
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
The Social

Digital Innovation in the Public Sector: The Role of Embeddedness in Socio-Technical Transitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950059
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayana Kompella
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Methodology

Organizations have diverse options to improve their performance. With the advances in ICT, several organizations attempt a technology-based solution by digitizing and automation. Indeed, to begin with, it is appropriate, but there are societal challenges. The theories available in the literature explain the reasons for certain societal challenges and actions, but there is also a constant expansion of the theories. This paper adds to the expansion by considering ICT innovations such as digitalization. The social, political, cultural, and economic entities in which organizations operate influence and get influenced by organizational responses. There are connections between organizations and entities; we can refer to these as embeddedness. The purpose of this paper is in identifying a framework and the types of embeddedness. The phenomenon, organizational embeddedness, requires observing it in its setting and is performed using a case study methodology. E-Governance interacts with various entities and provides diverse analytic and heuristic views; hence the author uses E-Governance cases from India. The developed framework assists organizations in providing inputs towards improving their internal complements. In doing so, organizations can not only better respond to societal challenges but also enable other entities in the environment to coevolve.

scholarly journals REDISCOVERING ARCHAEOLOGY USING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SERANG CITY, BANTEN PROVINCE FOR COMMUNITY RECOVERY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar ◽  
Taqyuddin Taqyuddin ◽  
Sofyan Cholid ◽  
Hendra Hendra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

Many archaeological researches have been conducted in Serang City, Banten Province for decades so that a significant amount of knowledge has been produced. The Public Archaeology approach, especially museums and cultural resource management, has also been applied. However, these efforts have not been maximized resulting in several problems. Particularly, since 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has affected various fields and sectors, including the cultural sectors related to the preservation and management of cultural heritage in Serang City. The efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 have been carried out by implementing health protocols and large-scale social restriction policies including on the sites and museums. The pandemic along with its uncertainty opens the potential for some problems to increasingly influence the social and political aspects; for instance, the income of the local community has decreased. Thus, a new approach known as Rediscovering Archaeology is needed to reduce the existing problems. This approach is carried out by conducting a research followed by a community service involving multidisciplinary knowledge and several related parties or Penta Helix. The methods include field observation, interviews, and ongoing mentoring. This approach has been shown to reduce the potential social and political tensions in society. This approach also convinces related parties that archaeological heritage can be a cultural capital in dealing with the pandemic and is expected to generate prosperity for the community in the future.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Challenges to the social motivation theory of autism: The dangers of counteracting an imprecise theory with even more imprecision

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Antonio Y. Hardan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
The Social

Abstract The arguments offered by Jaswal & Akhtar to counter the social motivation theory (SMT) do not appear to be directly related to the SMT tenets and predictions, seem to not be empirically testable, and are inconsistent with empirical evidence. To evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the SMT and identify scientifically testable alternatives, advances are needed on the conceptualization and operationalization of social motivation across diagnostic boundaries.

What is taken for granted in autism research?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Ilana Friedner
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research

Abstract This commentary focuses on three points: the need to consider semiotic ideologies of both researchers and autistic people, questions of commensurability, and problems with “the social” as an analytical concept. It ends with a call for new research methodologies that are not deficit-based and that consider a broad range of linguistic and non-linguistic communicative practices.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

Applying Item Response Theory Modeling to Identify Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Yuan ◽  
Christine Dollaghan
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
National Database ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Social Communication Questionnaire ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Communication

Purpose No diagnostic tools exist for identifying social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD), a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition category for individuals with social communication deficits but not the repetitive, restricted behaviors and interests (RRBIs) that would qualify them for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored the value of items from a widely used screening measure of ASD for distinguishing SPCD from typical controls (TC; Aim 1) and from ASD (Aim 2). Method We applied item response theory (IRT) modeling to Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime ( Rutter, Bailey, & Lord, 2003 ) records available in the National Database for Autism Research. We defined records from putative SPCD ( n = 54), ASD ( n = 278), and TC ( n = 274) groups retrospectively, based on National Database for Autism Research classifications and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised responses. After assessing model assumptions, estimating model parameters, and measuring model fit, we identified items in the social communication and RRBI domains that were maximally informative in differentiating the groups. Results IRT modeling identified a set of seven social communication items that distinguished SPCD from TC with sensitivity and specificity > 80%. A set of five RRBI items was less successful in distinguishing SPCD from ASD (sensitivity and specificity < 70%). Conclusion The IRT modeling approach and the Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime item sets it identified may be useful in efforts to construct screening and diagnostic measures for SPCD.

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