A systematic review of the impact of malaria prevention in pregnancy on low birth weight and maternal anemia

Background:/Aims: The use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in pregnancy has shown remarkable improvement in immune status and have revolutionized the approach of care to people living with HIV (PLHIV). Some adverse pregnancy conditions have been reported which may depend on type of regimen, time and duration of use. The use of ARVs in pregnancy have been dynamic and transition from one regimen to the other have setting and country based variations. Therefore, knowing the impact of ARVs in pregnancy among PLHIV in our settings deserve evidence based information. Methods: Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the hospital were prospectively recruited and followed up. HIV positive mothers were recruited irrespective of gestation age. At the time of delivery, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were entered into computer database. Mothers and their children were followed until 6 weeks postpartum. The data was analyzed with Epi-info version 7.1.5. Chi square at significant level of 0.05 and confidence level of 95% was used to determine significance. Results: A total of 55 HIV positive mothers were in the study. The age range was between 18 to 45 years and parity was 0 to 8. The mean birth weight and gestation age at delivery was 2.92kg (SD 0.556) and 36 weeks (SD 2.8 weeks) respectively. The absolute CD4 count of 500cells/mm3 and above (43.3%) was associated with no low birth weight. The mean glycaemic results were within normal range, 4.02-4.75 and 5.00-6.79 Mmol/l pre and post prandial respectively. Conclusion: Low birth weight was not associated with HAART in pregnancy and good immune condition was not associated with low birth weight. There was no association of protease inhibitors and gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m3811 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m3811

Author(s):

Matthew Francis Chersich ◽

Minh Duc Pham ◽

Ashtyn Areal ◽

Marjan Mosalam Haghighi ◽

Albert Manyuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Random Effects ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Middle Income ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective To assess whether exposure to high temperatures in pregnancy is associated with increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Design Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis. Data sources Medline and Web of Science searched up to September 2018, updated in August 2019. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Clinical studies on associations between high environmental temperatures, and preterm birth, birth weight, and stillbirths. Results 14 880 records and 175 full text articles were screened. 70 studies were included, set in 27 countries, seven of which were countries with low or middle income. In 40 of 47 studies, preterm births were more common at higher than lower temperatures. Exposures were classified as heatwaves, 1°C increments, and temperature threshold cutoff points. In random effects meta-analysis, odds of a preterm birth rose 1.05-fold (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.07) per 1°C increase in temperature and 1.16-fold (1.10 to 1.23) during heatwaves. Higher temperature was associated with reduced birth weight in 18 of 28 studies, with considerable statistical heterogeneity. Eight studies on stillbirths all showed associations between temperature and stillbirth, with stillbirths increasing 1.05-fold (1.01 to 1.08) per 1°C rise in temperature. Associations between temperature and outcomes were largest among women in lower socioeconomic groups and at age extremes. The multiple temperature metrics and lag analyses limited comparison between studies and settings. Conclusions Although summary effect sizes are relatively small, heat exposures are common and the outcomes are important determinants of population health. Linkages between socioeconomic status and study outcomes suggest that risks might be largest in low and middle income countries. Temperature rises with global warming could have major implications for child health. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD 42019140136 and CRD 42018118113.

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A Cohort Study Of HIV Positive Pregnant Mothers On Antiretroviral Drugs (ARVs) In The Gambian Tertiary Hospital

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25480/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Anyanwu ◽

Sam Anya ◽

Richard Offiong ◽

Bissallah Ekele

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Positive Mothers ◽

Gestation Age ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract BackgroundAims: The use of HAART in pregnancy has shown remarkable improvement in immune status and have revolutionized the approach of care to people living with HIV. Some adverse pregnancy conditions have been reported which may depend on type of regimen, time and duration of use. The use of ARVs in pregnancy have been dynamic and transition from one regimen to the other have setting and country based variations. Therefore, knowing the impact of ARVs in pregnancy among PLHIV in our settings deserve evidence based information.MethodsPregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the hospital were prospectively recruited and followed up. HIV positive mothers were recruited irrespective of gestation age. At the time of delivery, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were entered into computer database. Mothers and their children were followed until 6 weeks postpartum. The data was analyzed with Epi-info version 7.1.5. Chi square at significant level of 0.05 and confidence level of 95% was used to determine significance.ResultsA total of 55 HIV positive mothers were in the study. The age range was between 18 to 45 years and parity was 0 to 8. The mean birth weight and gestation age at delivery was 2.92 kg (SD 0.556) and 36 weeks (SD 2.8 weeks) respectively. The absolute CD4 count of 350cells/mm3 and above (57.13%) was associated with low incidence of low birth weight. The mean glycaemic results were within normal range, 4.02–4.75 and 5.00-6.79 Mmol/l pre and post prandial respectively.Conclusionlow birth weight was not associated with HAART in pregnancy and good immune condition was not associated any low birth weight. There was no association of protease inhibitors and gestational diabetes mellitus

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THE SECOND-HAND SMOKE IN PREGNANCY AND ITS IMPACT TOWARD LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN DISTRICT OF ACEH BESAR, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.219 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 117-124

Author(s):

Ampera Miko ◽

Satrinawati Berkat

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Aceh Province ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Smoking does not only endangers the smokers themselves but will also harm the people around them. These are the non-smokers also called the passive smokers or second-hand smoke.In particular pregnant women who are the second-hand smoke can lead low birth weight (LBW) babies. This study aims to determine the impact of second- hand smoke in pregnancy toward LBW in the district of Aceh Besar in 2016. A case control study was done in district of Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The total sample was 120 neonates (1:1), 60 neonates were LBW (cases) and 60 neonates were normal weight (controls). Data collection was doneusing a questionnaire filled in by the parents. The univariate analysiswas described with percentages and the Wald-Wolfowithz run test was used for the bivariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of mothers had a good knowledge about the dangers of smoking, ie 91 or 75.8%. Most of the mothers had positive attitudes for male smokers. The smoking men are considered normal and acceptable, consisting of 73 mothers or 60.8%. All the mothers in this study were non-smokers (100.0%). The majority of the fathers were smokers, 88 or 73.3%, and most of them smoked around their pregnant wife, 55 fathers or 62.5%. The results of the bivariate analysis indicated there was a significant impact of the second-hand smoke toward the LBW (P value <0.05). It means, mothers as a second-hand smoke during pregnancy have a risk to born the LBW baby

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Maternal anemia and low birth weight in a community development block of Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal: a retrospective cohort analysis

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195480 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5250

Author(s):

Puspendu Biswas ◽

M. Samsuzzaman ◽

Amitava Chakraborty ◽

Dilip Kumar Das

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

West Bengal ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Maternal Anemia ◽

Retrospective Cohort Analysis ◽

Antenatal Visits ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Being both highly prevalent public health problems in India, anemia in pregnancy (AIP) is hypothesized as a potential risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) baby as pregnancy outcome. In this context, this study was conducted among pregnant mothers registered in last 2 years under Bhatar block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. Objectives of this study were to assess the relationship of LBW babies with maternal anemia in antenatal period and also with background characteristics and pregnancy related factors.Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted among postnatal mothers who were registered during their pregnancy in sub-centers of this block during a reference period from April’15th - March’17th. The study subjects were identified from the records of each sub-centre and further categorized into two groups: Exposed (anemic) - Hb <11 gm% in any antenatal visits and Non-exposed(non-anemic) - Hb ≥11 gm% in all antenatal visits. Sample size of 988 for each group was calculated. From each sub-centre’s antenatal record 26 subjects for each group were selected by simple random sampling. Data collected with predesigned pretested schedule and data analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20. Logistic regression was performed to establish association.Results: Overall incidence of LBW was 8.1%; in anemic, non-anemic group incidence were 10.5%, 5.7% respectively. AIP had relative risk 1.85 (1.36-2.54) over LBW. On multivariable logistic regression, LBW was significantly associated with AIP (2.11, 1.51-2.95), multi-parity (0.63, 0.44-0.9), inadequate ANC visits (2.7, 1.75-4.15) and female gender (1.64, 1.19-2.27).Conclusions: Anemia in pregnancy significantly increases risks of LBW which also strongly associated with female new-born, primi-parity, and incomplete ANC visits.

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Maternal Anemia and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10050601 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ana Figueiredo ◽

Isaac Gomes-Filho ◽

Roberta Silva ◽

Priscilla Pereira ◽

Fabiana Mata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Maternal Anemia

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The Administration of Probiotics in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants and the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i48b33269 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121-131

Author(s):

Mohammed Khalid Harasani ◽

Sarah Abdulrahman Almosaiteer ◽

Faisal Saleh Aloraini ◽

Saleh Khalid Aldakhil ◽

Jamilah Sulaiman Alsaiari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Impact

Encouraging findings were previously demonstrated in a previous meta-analysis that analyzed the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the potential favorable effects of probiotics administration in preterm infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and feeding intolerance. This evidence has only been linked to low birth-weight infants (<1000 g), while evidence regarding the impact of administration of these modalities for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants (ELBW) infants is still controversial among the different studies in the literature. A systematic review was conducted to retrieve all the relevant randomized controlled trials in the literature that investigated the impact of probiotics administration on the different outcomes in ELBW infants, including the incidence of mortality and NEC. A thorough search was then conducted through the different databases to find the relevant articles.A total of 11 RCTs were included in the present systematic review. All articles were published between 2007 and 2021, with a total of 3225 ELBW infants were included in both the intervention and control groups across the different included trials. Our results indicate that the administration of these modalities does not have a significant impact on these outcomes. However, it has been reported that they enhance the growth rate, especially head growth circumference, which has been reported to be superior to the placebo effect. Further investigations for ELBW should be encouraged to furtherly validate these modalities, although no adverse events have been reported for their administration among trials in the current systematic review.

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