Recuperación del neonato de bajo peso: relevancia de las UCIN de puertas abiertas

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer es una causa relacionada con la morbimortalidad neonatal e infantil;por ello, la identificación de estrategias que permitan mejorar la prestación de servicios de salud continúasiendo una prioridad en el mundo. Objetivo: realizar una síntesis de la evidencia disponible en la producciónacadémica para establecer recomendaciones en cuanto a la relevancia de implementar la política depuertas abiertas en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN) para favorecer el uso del métodocanguro y con ello contribuir a la ganancia de peso en los neonatos con bajo peso al nacer. Método:se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Elsevier,Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, Embase y ScienceDirect, utilizando los descriptores intensive careunits, neonatal; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; infant, low birth weight; visitors to patients. Los criteriosde inclusión se basaron en la consulta de productos científicos entre el 2010 y el 2020. Se incluyeronestudios que cumplieran la estrategia de búsqueda planteada. Resultados: se seleccionaron 27 artículos,que aportaron a la construcción de esta revisión. Los datos fueron categorizados en cuatro cuerpos deproducción académica: Beneficios del Método Madre Canguro en las UCIN de puertas abiertas, Barrerasen la implementación del Método Madre Canguro en las UCIN, Cuidado centrado en la familia en las UCINde puertas abiertas y Formación del personal en las UCIN de puertas abiertas. Conclusiones: múltiplesestudios han documentado los beneficios de las UCIN de puertas abiertas para la familia y el neonato,sin embargo, esta apuesta conlleva múltiples desafíos para la prestación de servicios neonatales, como eldiseño y la implementación de modelos de atención y el fortalecimiento del equipo de atención.

Classification of Low Birth Weight Baby Under Anthropometry uses Algorithms K-Means Clustering on Maternity Hospital

LBW infants with birth weight less than 2500 grams regardless gestation period. Low birth weight is the weight of a baby who weighed within 1 hour after birth. World Health Organization (WHO) since 1961 states that all newborns are underweight or equal to 2,500 g called low birth weight infant (low birth weight). According to WHO. Statistically, morbidity and mortality in neonates in developing countries is high, with the main causes is associated with LBW. To facilitate medical personnel in determining the risk of LBW. From the testing that has been done by the author, the k-means clustering algorithm has accuracy in classifying LBW babies by spacing the proximity between variables and the similarities in the test data,

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity.MethodsData were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adult Cohort. Employment precarity was evaluated using a summary variable that combined several employment attributes: availability of employer-sponsored insurance, income, long shifts, non-daytime shifts, availability of employer sponsored training or educational benefits and membership in a union or collective bargaining unit. Employment precarity scores (a sum of the number of negative employment attributes) were categorised into low (0–2), medium (3) and high (4-6). LBW was defined as weight less than 2500 g at birth. Modified Poisson models were fit to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs and adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, nativity, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy and infant year of birth. We assessed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity using a composite exposure-race variable.ResultsWomen with high employment precarity had higher risk of a LBW delivery compared with women with low employment precarity (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.98). Compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women with low employment precarity, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.15), Hispanic women (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.16) and non-Hispanic/non-black women (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.16) with high employment precarity had higher risk of LBW.ConclusionsWe observed higher risk of LBW in pregnancies of women with high employment precarity; this association was stronger among black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women. Findings of this study can be used to inform antenatal care and identify workplace policies to better support women who work during pregnancy.