scholarly journals N2, He and CO2 diffusion mechanism through nanoporous YSZ/γ-Al2O3 layers and their use in a pore-filled membrane for hydrogen membrane reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (20) ◽  
pp. 8732-8744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Arratibel ◽  
Uxue Astobieta ◽  
David Alfredo Pacheco Tanaka ◽  
Martin van Sint Annaland ◽  
Fausto Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Hydrogen Membrane

Foaming of Polystyrene/Supercritical CO2 in Rapid Decompression and Cooling Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 761-764
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Wu ◽  
Yu Cheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Rapid Decompression

Foaming of polystyrene (PS)/ supercritical dioxide system was studied in a batch process in order to achieve a better understanding of supercritical CO2 diffusion mechanism in polymer and foaming condition. In this study, PS sample was treated with CO2 at 5-30 MPa and 40-160°C, soaking times was about 30-120min.Using gravimetric method, the solubility of CO2 in PS was obtained. The study datum shows that the solubility of CO2 in PS increases with increment of pressures, but decreases with the increment of temperature. The sorbed amount of CO2 is from 0.02 % (7MPa,160°C) to 0.11%(30MPa,40°C).The relation of glass transition temperature, volume expansion ratio, cells density of foaming with pressure and temperature also was discussed individually. The glass transition temperature of PS swelled with CO2 is 80°C-95°C, which is lower than the glass transition temperature of pure PS by 10°C-25°C. The cell density increases as the pressure increase, and it decrease as the temperature increase.

scholarly journals Hydrogen membrane reactors for CO2 capture

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jansen ◽  
J.W. Dijkstra ◽  
R.W. van den Brink ◽  
T.A. Peters ◽  
M. Stange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Membrane

Direct observations of radiation-enhanced transformations in glass

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
J. F. DeNatale ◽  
D. G. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

The electron irradiation of silicate glasses containing metal cations produces various types of phase separation and decomposition which includes oxygen bubble formation at intermediate temperatures figure I. The kinetics of bubble formation are too rapid to be accounted for by oxygen diffusion but the behavior is consistent with a cation diffusion mechanism if the amount of oxygen in the bubble is not significantly different from that in the same volume of silicate glass. The formation of oxygen bubbles is often accompanied by precipitation of crystalline phases and/or amorphous phase decomposition in the regions between the bubbles and the detection of differences in oxygen concentration between the bubble and matrix by electron energy loss spectroscopy cannot be discerned (figure 2) even when the bubble occupies the majority of the foil depth.The oxygen bubbles are stable, even in the thin foils, months after irradiation and if van der Waals behavior of the interior gas is assumed an oxygen pressure of about 4000 atmospheres must be sustained for a 100 bubble if the surface tension with the glass matrix is to balance against it at intermediate temperatures.

Ordered Intermetallic Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity Prepared by an Electrochemically Induced Phase Transformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du Sun ◽  
yunfei wang ◽  
Kenneth Livi ◽  
chuhong wang ◽  
ruichun luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Disordered Alloys ◽  
Ordered Intermetallic ◽  
Intermetallic Nanoparticles

<div> <p>The synthesis of alloys with long range atomic scale ordering (ordered intermetallics) is an emerging field of nanochemistry. Ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are useful for a wide variety of applications such as catalysis, superconductors, and magnetic devices. However, the preparation of nanostructured ordered intermetallics is challenging in comparison to disordered alloys, hindering progress in materials development. We report a process for converting colloidally synthesized ordered intermetallic PdBi<sub>2</sub> to ordered intermetallic Pd<sub>3</sub>Bi nanoparticles under ambient conditions by an electrochemically induced phase transition. The low melting point of PdBi<sub>2</sub> corresponds to low vacancy formation energies which enables the facile removal of the Bi from the surface, while simultaneously enabling interdiffusion of the constituent atoms via a vacancy diffusion mechanism under ambient conditions. The resulting phase-converted ordered intermetallic Pd<sub>3</sub>Bi exhibits 11x and 3.5x higher mass activty and high methanol tolerance for the oxygen reduction reaction compared to Pt/C and Pd/C, respectively,which is the highest reported for a Pd-based catalyst, to the best of our knowledge. These results establish a key development in the synthesis of noble metal rich ordered intermetallic phases with high catalytic activity, and sets forth guidelines for the design of ordered intermetallic compounds under ambient conditions.</p> </div>

THE INTERFACIAL THERMAL STABILITY AND ELEMENT DIFFUSION MECHANISM OF SiCf/TC17 COMPOSITE

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu ZHANG ◽  
Yumin WANG ◽  
Jiafeng LEI ◽  
Rui YANG
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Element Diffusion

Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Mucoadhesive Tablets of Captopril

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3318-3329
Author(s):  
Kranthi Kumar Kotta ◽  
L. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Mucoadhesive Tablets

The present investigation focuses on the development of mucoadhesive tablets of captopril which are designed to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration. Matrix tablets of captopril were formulated using four mucoadhesive polymers namely guar gum, xanthan gum, HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M and studied for parameters such as weight variation, thickness, hardness, content uniformity, swelling index, mucoadhesive force and in vitro drug release. Tablets formulated Xanthan gum or HPMC K4M with HPMC K15M provide slow release of captopril over period of 12 hr and were found suitable for maintenance portion of oral controlled release tablets. The cumulative % of drug release of formulation F9 and F10 were 90 and 92, respectively. In vitro release from these tablets was diffusion controlled and followed zero order kinetics. The ‘n’ values obtained from the pappas-karsemeyer equation suggested that all the formulation showed drug release by non-fickian diffusion mechanism. Tablets formulated Xanthan gum or HPMC K4M with HPMC K15M (1:1) were established to be the optimum formulation with optimum bioadhesive force, swelling index & desired invitro drug release. This product was further subjected to stability study, the results of which indicated no significant change with respect to Adhesive strength and in vitro drug release study.

A Review on Patents for Hydrogen Production Using Membrane Reactors

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Gallucci ◽  
Angelo Basile ◽  
Adolfo Iulianelli ◽  
Hans J.A.M. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Membrane Reactors

A Review on Patents for Hydrogen Production Using Membrane Reactors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Gallucci ◽  
Angelo Basile ◽  
Adolfo Iulianelli ◽  
Hans Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Membrane Reactors

scholarly journals Influence of Chemical Osmosis on Solute Transport and Fluid Velocity in Clay Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Gailei Tian ◽  
Lin Han
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Chemical Osmosis ◽  
Advection Diffusion Equation ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Membrane Effect

AbstractSolute transport through the clay liner is a significant process in many waste landfills or unmanaged landfills. At present, researchers mainly focus on the test study about semi-membrane property of clay material, however, the influence of chemical osmosis caused by membrane effect on solute transport and fluid velocity is insufficient. In this investigation, based on the classical advection-diffusion equation, a one-dimensional solute transport model for low-permeable clay material has been proposed, in which the coupled fluid velocity related with hydraulic gradient and concentration gradient is introduced, and the semi-membrane effect is embodied in the diffusion mechanism. The influence of chemical osmosis on fluid velocity and solute transport has been analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulated results show that chemical osmosis has a significant retarded action on fluid velocity and pollutant transport. The proposed model can effectively reveal the change in process of coupled fluid velocity under dual gradient and solute transport, which can provide a theoretical guidance for similar fluid movement in engineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document