Nasal carriage rate and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at a Taiwanese university

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

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Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among preclinical medical students: epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Xiao Xue Ma ◽

Dan Dan Sun ◽

Si Wang ◽

Mei Lian Wang ◽

Miao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Preclinical Medical Students

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IS ACQUISITION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS - AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS IN INDIA?

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.20865 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shreyas K ◽

Radhakrishna M ◽

Ashwini Hegde ◽

Pooja Rao

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Occupational Hazard ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Strains ◽

Hospital Acquired

Objective: The incidence of community-acquired and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections has been rising with increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains called methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carriage rate of MRSA among the interns of tertiary care teaching hospital in Mangalore.Methods: A total of 150 interns were participated, thereby swabs from both anterior nares were collected and processed for S. aureus. The isolated strains of S. aureus were screened for methicillin susceptibility by modified Kirby–Bauer method using cefoxitin (30 μg) disc. Further, antibiotic susceptibility testing for all isolates of S. aureus was also done against selected appropriate antibiotics. Vancomycin susceptibility testing for MRSA was done by E test.Results: The number of strains of S. aureus isolated from our 150 participants was 71 with a percentage rate of 47.3. Of the 71 isolates of S. aureus, one (1.4%) was MRSA. The overall MRSA carriage rate was 0.66%. The S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates recorded in this study were at par and significantly lower, respectively, when compared with other reported studies. It was observed that risk factors such as the use of antibiotics in the past 6 months and smoking were found to be statistically significant in nasal carriage status of S. aureus (<0.05). The only one isolate of MRSA was found to be sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin.Conclusion: It was concluded that the acquisition of S. aureus and MRSA would not be an occupational hazard for medical students of developing countries like India.

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Characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusIsolates That Colonize Medical Students in a Hospital of the City of Cali, Colombia

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2015/358489 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luis Fernando Collazos Marín ◽

Gina Estupiñan Arciniegas ◽

Monica Chavez Vivas

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Clinical Rotation ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Hospital Environments ◽

The City

Introduction. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) represents a risk for the spread of bacteria. This study characterized theS. aureusisolated from medical students, who were in their clinical rotation at a hospital in the city of Cali.Materials and Methods. 216 students participated in the study and 63 isolates ofS. aureuswere evaluated for susceptibility and PCR amplification ofagrandmecA genes. The origin of MRSA isolates was established by analyzingagrpolymorphisms.Results. A total of 29.2% of students were colonized byS. aureusand nasal carriage rate was 23.6% and 14.3% MRSA. Threeagrgroups (agrII, andagrIII) were identified; theagrI group was the most common, with a 35% prevalence; this group is from community origin.Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that medical students carryS. aureusstrains, with the threat of spreading them both to community and hospital environments.

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Rate in Texas County Jail Inmates

Journal of Correctional Health Care ◽

10.1177/1078345807306731 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marilyn Felkner ◽

Rodney E. Rohde ◽

Ana Maria Valle-Rivera ◽

Tamara Baldwin ◽

L. P. (Sky) Newsome

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Jail Inmates ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

County Jail ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Texas County

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and associated factors in a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.13651/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nobert Thembo ◽

George Masifa ◽

Gerald Kamugisha ◽

Robinah Nabitaka ◽

Benjamin Akais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Regional Referral Hospital ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can predispose the host to a wide array of infections that can be difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. To inform public health strategies, the study sought to describe MRSA nasal carriage frequencies and the associated factors concerning nasal carriage among patients attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: Nasal swabs were obtained from consented (aged >15years) participants presenting to the hospital for medical care between January and April 2018[L1] . Direct Culture of swabs was performed on blood agar and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Identification of S. aureus was done using conventional biochemical tests. Phenotypic screening and confirmation of MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc (30µg) test and MICs on the Phoenix M50 instrument respectively. Patient demographic characteristics and the MRSA nasal carriage risk factors were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Overall, majority of the participants were in-patients (138, 63.3%) with the proportions of both females and males among the participants being 154/218 (70.6%) and 64/218 (29.3%) respectively. Mean age for both female and male participants was 40.16 (SD± 17.04) years respectively. S. aureus nasal carriage rate among the participants was 22.9% (50/218), with 57.9% (29/50) of the harboured strains phenotypically expressing methicillin resistance (mecA mediated). Phenotypic co-expression with inducible clindamycin resistance and vancomycin resistance was displayed in 45.5% (23/50) and 2% (1/50) of the studied isolates respectively. Colonisation with MRSA did not show any significant relationship with all the studied factors. Conclusion: There was a moderate S. aureus nasal carriage among the participants in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital with a highly noted phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance among the isolated S. aureus strains. The studied factors were not significantly associated with the rate of MRSA nasal carriage. For surveillance purposes to combat future outbreaks, there is a need to do a larger study to better draw generalizable conclusions of carriage in the population. [L1]This is an important statement. I suggest that we reinstatate it if we are still in recommended word count

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Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of a private institution in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology ◽

10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317

Author(s):

T.A. Ajani ◽

C.J. Elikwu ◽

V. Nwadike ◽

T. Babatunde ◽

C.G. Anaedobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Health Workers ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major factor for its transmission especially from the health workers and medical students to their patients. There are a number of published data on the prevalence of MRSA among health workers but data on nasal colonization of medical students by MRSA are sparse in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students of the Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify risk factors associated with this nasal carriage. Methodology: A case control study involving 100 clinical (study group) and 100 pre- clinical (control group) medical students was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information and potential risk factors. Nasal swab was collected from each student and cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard microbiology techniques. Phenotypic MRSA was detected by the cefoxitin 30μg disk diffusion method according to the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the study group was 14% (14/100) while the prevalence among the control group was 6% (6/100) (p=0.097). The prevalence of phenotypic MRSA among the study group was 4% (4/100) and 1% (1/100) among the control group (p=0.3687) while mecA gene was detected in 3 of the 4 (75%) phenotypic MRSA positive study participants and in the only (100%) phenotypic MRSA positive (1%) control group. Antibiotics usage without prescription, antibiotic treatment of common cold, and use of antibiotics in the previous one year, were significantly associated with MRSA carriage among the study group. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among clinical and pre-clinical medical students was not statistically significant, the risk factors identified with carriage of MRSA among the study group indicates the need for antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce carriage and transmission of MRSA by medical students. Keywords: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA gene, nasal carriage, medical students

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