scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of a private institution in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
T.A. Ajani ◽  
C.J. Elikwu ◽  
V. Nwadike ◽  
T. Babatunde ◽  
C.G. Anaedobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major factor for its transmission especially from the health workers and medical students to their patients. There are a number of published data on the prevalence of MRSA among health workers but data on nasal colonization of medical students by MRSA are sparse in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students of the Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify risk factors associated with this nasal carriage. Methodology: A case control study involving 100 clinical (study group) and 100 pre- clinical (control group) medical students was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information and potential risk factors. Nasal swab was collected from each student and cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard microbiology techniques. Phenotypic MRSA was detected by the cefoxitin 30μg disk diffusion method according to the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the study group was 14% (14/100) while the prevalence among the control group was 6% (6/100) (p=0.097). The prevalence of phenotypic MRSA among the study group was 4% (4/100) and 1% (1/100) among the control group (p=0.3687) while mecA gene was detected in 3 of the 4 (75%) phenotypic MRSA positive study participants and in the only (100%) phenotypic MRSA positive (1%) control group. Antibiotics usage without prescription, antibiotic treatment of common cold, and use of antibiotics in the previous one year, were significantly associated with MRSA carriage among the study group. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among clinical and pre-clinical medical students was not statistically significant, the risk factors identified with carriage of MRSA among the study group indicates the need for antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce carriage and transmission of MRSA by medical students. Keywords: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA gene, nasal carriage, medical students

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of Belgrade University

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Dragana Vukovic ◽  
Goran Stevanovic ◽  
Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Nasal Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization among Children in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemi Elizabeth Tuta ◽  
Abiola Olukemi Okesola ◽  
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

BACKGROUND: Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is of public health concern due to increased risk of developing invasive infections and the therapeutic challenges. This concern is more among the vulnerable group. We determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of MRSA nasal carriage among children in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.METHOD: We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study among 300 children attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital recruited through systematic sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic characteristics and exposure factors. Nasal swabs samples were collected and inoculated on mannitol salt agar and subcultured on nutrient agar to isolate Staphylococcus aureus. We used the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to detect the presence of mecA gene for MRSA. We calculated the prevalence, prevalence odds ratio to determine risk factors for MRSA acquisition at 5% level of significance.RESULTS: The median age was 1.7 years (6 months-16 years). Males accounted for 60.7%, and 75% of the participants were under 5 years. Staphylococcus aureus colonization was found in 36.3% of the participants while 5.3% of the participants had MRSA identified by detecting the mecA gene. History of recent surgery in the last six months was the only independent predictor of nasal MRSA colonization among the participants (aOR=12.5; 95%CI: 2.7-50.0.)CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of MRSA colonization observed among the children in this study suggests the need to consider screening children with history of previous surgery as infection control and prevention intervention for MRSA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Positive Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Orthopedic Patients in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Choi ◽  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Jahyung Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Min Jung Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as other life-threatening diseases. Recent guidelines recommend screening for MRSA at the time of admission. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization. A prospective data collection and retrospective analysis was performed. MRSA screening tests were performed using nasal swabs in patients enrolled between January 2017 and July 2018. Demographic data, socio-economic data, medical comorbidities, and other risk factors for MRSA carriage were evaluated among 1577 patients enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 7.2%. Univariate regression analysis showed that colonization with MRSA at the time of hospital admission was significantly related to patient age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, trauma, recent antibiotic use, and route of hospital admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors for positive MRSA nasal carriage showed that being under- or overweight, trauma diagnosis, antibiotic use one month prior to admission, and admission through an emergency department were related to MRSA colonization. This study highlights the importance of a preoperative screening test for patients scheduled to undergo surgery involving implant insertion, particularly those at risk for MRSA.

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