Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among preclinical medical students: epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Dan Dan Sun ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Mei Lian Wang ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Preclinical Medical Students

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yu Hsu ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Chien-Ching Hung ◽  
Shie-Shian Huang ◽  
Fang-Hsueh Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract Objective To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within one year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within one year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or V T , endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCC mec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCC mec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroqinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within one year were associated with MRSA colonization.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of a private institution in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
T.A. Ajani ◽  
C.J. Elikwu ◽  
V. Nwadike ◽  
T. Babatunde ◽  
C.G. Anaedobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major factor for its transmission especially from the health workers and medical students to their patients. There are a number of published data on the prevalence of MRSA among health workers but data on nasal colonization of medical students by MRSA are sparse in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students of the Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify risk factors associated with this nasal carriage. Methodology: A case control study involving 100 clinical (study group) and 100 pre- clinical (control group) medical students was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information and potential risk factors. Nasal swab was collected from each student and cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard microbiology techniques. Phenotypic MRSA was detected by the cefoxitin 30μg disk diffusion method according to the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the study group was 14% (14/100) while the prevalence among the control group was 6% (6/100) (p=0.097). The prevalence of phenotypic MRSA among the study group was 4% (4/100) and 1% (1/100) among the control group (p=0.3687) while mecA gene was detected in 3 of the 4 (75%) phenotypic MRSA positive study participants and in the only (100%) phenotypic MRSA positive (1%) control group. Antibiotics usage without prescription, antibiotic treatment of common cold, and use of antibiotics in the previous one year, were significantly associated with MRSA carriage among the study group. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among clinical and pre-clinical medical students was not statistically significant, the risk factors identified with carriage of MRSA among the study group indicates the need for antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce carriage and transmission of MRSA by medical students. Keywords: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA gene, nasal carriage, medical students

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of Belgrade University

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Dragana Vukovic ◽  
Goran Stevanovic ◽  
Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remained the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: Eligible drug users were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. Results: Overall, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in 353 drug users were 15.01% and 6.79%, respectively. Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99) and MRSA (adjusted OR=14.30, 95% CI: 2.67-76.46) carriage. The proportions of multidrug resistance were respectively 72.41% and 89.47% for S. aureus and MRSA isolates and were simultaneously resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The results of clonal complexes and sequence types for S. aureus and MRSA isolates were diverse. The proportions of virulence genes were high for MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the cross-circulation of MRSA isolates, and imply high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage, especially for those with risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Abdoli Oskouie ◽  
Masoumeh Abbassi ◽  
Ali Taghavi Zonouz ◽  
Fariba Pashazadeh ◽  
Shahram Abdoli Oskouie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Context: Evaluating the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that are sources of nosocomial infection among medical students. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases were searched by preferred subject headings and free-text keywords. After omitting duplicates, retrieved articles were screened by two independent reviewers in a three-step process based on inclusion criteria. Then, reviewers critically appraised the selected studies by JBI checklists and extracted the required data. Finally, the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus nasal carriage and MRSA were meta-analyzed by Stata V.16 software. The heterogeneity of included studies was calculated by I2 and chi-square. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to study designs, as well as the continent origin of clinical and preclinical students. Results: Of 858 retrieved studies, 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage was 28% [prevalence rate: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.34, P < 0.001, I2: 96.40%, chi2: 360.98 (df = 14)]. The prevalence of S. aureus among clinical students was 33% (pooled prevalence rate: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.47) whereas, in preclinical students, it was 25% (pooled prevalence rate: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.28). Also, in a subgroup analysis of continents, Australia (Oceania) had the highest prevalence rate. According to an evaluation of publication bias, the distribution of studies was very high. Moreover, pooled MRSA prevalence among medical students was 2% (prevalence rate: 0.02 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.03, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, S. aureus and MRSA prevalence rates among medical students were estimated at 28% and 2%, respectively. More attention should be given to the prevention of MRSA colonization and screening strategies among medical students across the world.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers and the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baag Shaza R. ◽  
Vishvesh P. Bansal ◽  
Manjushree Bhalchandra ◽  
Jyotsna Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a dynamic and adaptable bacterium that has an incredible talent to attain antibiotic resistance. Nasal colonisation of S.aureus increases with greater exposure of students to the hospital environment. The prevention of staphylococcal infection and reduction of spread and emergence of MRSA are essential. Medical students would be a key target group to introduce awareness of hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, the present study aims at understanding the prevalence of carrier rate of S.aureus and MRSA among Medical students during their clinical postings.Methods: Nasal swabs were taken from 150 medical students. Their Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was determined by plating on sheep blood agar and MRSA carriage by to Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method using Cefoxitin disc (30 µg).Results: The present study showed a 40% nasal carriage of S.aureus amongst medical students. Of the 60 S. aureus isolates 28%, 36% and 56% isolates were from 1st, 2nd and 3rd year respectively. The colonisation rate of MRSA in the present study was found to be 12.66% amongst the medical students of 6%, 10%, 22% belonged to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectivelyConclusions: The nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among medical students increases as their exposure to patient care increases. Medical students should be made aware of the risks of carrying S.aureus and MRSA and educated about the hand washing protocol and safety precautions to be followed while handling patients.

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

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