Microbead array based technology for detection and quantitation of viral respiratory pathogens associated with pneumonia among children

One hundred eighty children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease were studied in Cali, Colombia. In the majority of patients, pneumonia was the reason for hospitalization and remained the final diagnosis. Fifty-one cases of pneumonia of indeterminate etiology comprised the largest single diagnostic category, followed by 38 cases of pneumonia associated with measles, and 22 cases associated with serologic evidence of infection with other viral agents or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Etiologic diagnosis could be assigned with a reasonable degree of confidence in 116 of the 180 patients (64%). The laboratory procedure found most likely to provide the etiologic diagnosis in this series was paired sera specimens for demonstration of rise in antibody titer against the common viral respiratory pathogens. Those most frequently implicated serologically as etiologic agents in the cases studied were, in order of decreasing frequency, measles, influenza, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses.

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Equine Neonates Have Attenuated Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to a Killed Adjuvanted Vaccine Compared to Adult Horses

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00328-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 1896-1902 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Clare Ryan ◽

Steeve Giguère

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Maternal Antibody ◽

Serum Immunoglobulin ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to compare relative vaccine-specific serum immunoglobulin concentrations, vaccine-specific lymphoproliferative responses, and cytokine profiles of proliferating lymphocytes between 3-day-old foals, 3-month-old foals, and adult horses after vaccination with a killed adjuvanted vaccine. Horses were vaccinated intramuscularly twice at 3-week intervals with a vaccine containing antigens from bovine viral respiratory pathogens to avoid interference from maternal antibody. Both groups of foals and adult horses responded to the vaccine with a significant increase in vaccine-specific IgGa and IgG(T) concentrations. In contrast, only adult horses and 3-month-old foals mounted significant vaccine-specific total IgG, IgGb, and IgM responses. Vaccine-specific concentrations of IgM and IgG(T) were significantly different between all groups, with the highest concentrations occurring in adult horses, followed by 3-month-old foals and, finally, 3-day-old foals. Only the adult horses mounted significant vaccine-specific lymphoproliferative responses. Baseline gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentrations were significantly lower in 3-day-old foals than in adult horses. Vaccination resulted in a significant decrease in IFN-γ concentrations in adult horses and a significant decrease in IL-4 concentrations in 3-day-old foals. After vaccination, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in both groups of foals was significantly higher than that in adult horses. The results of this study indicate that the humoral and lymphoproliferative immune responses to this killed adjuvanted vaccine are modest in newborn foals. Although immune responses improve with age, 3-month-old foals do not respond with the same magnitude as adult horses.

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Serosurvey of Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Pathogens Among Deployed U.S. Service Members

American Journal of Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 573-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Angelia A. Eick ◽

Dennis J. Faix ◽

Steven K. Tobler ◽

Remington L. Nevin ◽

Luther E. Lindler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Service Members ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Viral Respiratory

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Evaluation of viral respiratory pathogens in children aged under five hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections

Northern Clinics of Istanbul ◽

10.14744/nci.2021.69923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gulsen Akkoc

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Viral Respiratory

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0880 - BACTERIAL AND VIRAL RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS IN BANGLADESHI INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION SYMPTOMS

10.26226/morressier.5b5f433db56e9b005965b367 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Karine Vidal

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Viral Respiratory

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The burden of influenza and other respiratory viruses in hospitalized infants and children in a university hospital, Jordan

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.4081/mrm.2021.763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Enas Al-Zayadneh ◽

Dina Mohammad Abu Assab ◽

Esraa Adeeb Arabiat ◽

Montaha Al-Iede ◽

Hanin Ahmad Kayed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

University Hospital ◽

Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Viral Surveillance ◽

Viral Respiratory

Background: Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in young children and is predominately caused by viral respiratory pathogens. This study aims to identify the viral etiologies of acute ALRI in hospitalized children in Jordan University Hospital and compare the clinical characteristics of influenza virus infection with other respiratory viruses. Methods: a retrospective viral surveillance study that included 152 children below 15 years of age admitted with ALRI from December 2018 through April 2019. We recorded results of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR ) for common respiratory viruses. Clinical and demographic information of the study population was collected from patients’ electronic medical records. Results: 152 were identified with a median age of 1 year (mean was 2.1 years). Ninety-five patients (62.5%) were males. One or more viral respiratory pathogens were detected in 145 (95.3%) children. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most commonly detected virus in 68 patients (44.8%). Influenza virus was detected in 25 (16.4%). Children with influenza infection had more fever and less leukocyte count compared to children infected with other viruses. The severity of the ALRI correlated significantly with several factors, including age less than 6 months and the presence of neuromuscular disease (p<0.05). Conclusion: Viral detection was common among children admitted with viral ALRI. Viruses, including influenza, are recognized as major contributors to the morbidity associated with ALRI. More attention is needed on strategies for the prevention and detection of viral ALRI in developing countries.

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Viral Infections of the Upper Airway in the Setting of COVID-19: A Primer for Rhinologists

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892420947929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 122-131

Author(s):

Erick Yuen ◽

David A. Gudis ◽

Nicholas R. Rowan ◽

Shaun A. Nguyen ◽

Rodney J. Schlosser

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Viral Respiratory

Background Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with a significant burden of disease and represent one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the devastating toll that respiratory viruses have on humanity and the desperate need to understand the biological characteristics that define them in order to develop efficacious treatments and vaccines. To date, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected nearly 600 times more people and resulted in 200 times more deaths relative to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) combined. Objective Through this review, we aim to summarize the key characteristics of respiratory viruses that hold global significance, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Our goal is to disseminate our current knowledge of these infectious agents to otolaryngologists, in particular rhinologists, practicing in the COVID-19 era. Methods The general and clinical characteristics of selected respiratory viruses along with available viral treatments and vaccines are reviewed. Results There has been significant progress in our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of various respiratory viruses. However, despite the advancement in knowledge, efficacious vaccines and antiviral treatments remain elusive for most respiratory viruses. The dire need for these scientific discoveries is highlighted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted investigators worldwide to conduct clinical trials at an accelerated timeline in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rhinologists will continue to remain on the front-lines of pandemics associated with respiratory viruses. Conclusion In light of these unprecedented times, the need to understand the nuances of these viral respiratory pathogens, especially SARS-CoV-2, cannot be overemphasized. This knowledge base is of particular importance to otolaryngologists, whose expertise in the upper airway coincides with the anatomic tropism of these infectious agents.

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