Safety and tolerability of cell culture-derived and egg-derived trivalent influenza vaccines in 3 to <18-year-old children and adolescents at risk of influenza-related complications

Global rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children and adolescents are steadily rising. As such, an increasing amount of attention and research has begun to focus on strategies to prevent this chronic and burdensome disease in pediatric populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly review current evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of physical activity versus metformin in improving insulin sensitivity of children at-risk (ie, obese and/or insulin resistant) for developing T2D. Potential barriers to each preventative intervention will also be discussed. Physical activity, both aerobic and resistance, has demonstrated effectiveness in a moderate number of demographically diverse pediatric studies. However, the pediatric population is already alarmingly sedentary with barriers such as lack of motivation, social stigma and discomfort presenting a challenge. A small number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of metformin in children and adolescents for improved insulin sensitivity. However, longer and larger studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate upon the long-term safety and efficacy of this pharmaceutical in pediatric populations. While no head-to-head studies examining physical activity and metformin exist in pediatric populations and more research is needed, current evidence seems to favour the use of physical activity given the larger quantity of studies and generalizability of its beneficial effects. Thus, physical activity should be emphasized in clinical and public health practice when targeting at-risk children and adolescents to prevent a T2D diagnosis.

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VIEWING HABITS AND IDENTIFICATION WITH TELEVISION CHARACTERS AMONG AT-RISK AND NORMATIVE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies ◽

10.18357/ijcyfs93201818276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Gila Cohen Zilka ◽

Shlomo Romi

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Positive Identification ◽

Self Image ◽

Violent Behaviors ◽

At Risk Children ◽

Viewing Habits ◽

Television Characters ◽

The Relationship ◽

Physical Reaction

This study examined the relationship between participants’ negative or positive identification with television characters and their behavior, and how their reactions in times of anger — whether simply negative or physically violent — varied between at-risk participants and normative ones. Participants were 86 children and adolescents from Israel who filled in four questionnaires on the topics of viewing habits, attitudes, self-image, and aggression. The findings revealed that at-risk children and adolescents reacted with more anger than did their normative counterparts, and that their reaction became stronger when they identified with a character’s negative behavior. It was further revealed that the more they watched, the higher their identification with the character and the greater their negative reaction during anger. A violent physical reaction in times of anger is more strongly associated with viewing alone than with viewing with friends. The findings also revealed that identification with the character is a mediating variable between the amount and type (solitary or with friends) of viewing and negative and violent reactions. At-risk children and adolescents tend to choose programs that show violent behaviors, and such programs could ultimately lead them to exhibit violent reactions. The question is how can the amount of children and adolescents’ viewing be limited while avoiding arguments and punishment? The key to success is finding a solution that will be formulated with the children and adolescents’ full cooperation.

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New options for influenza vaccines: Quadrivalent, recombinant, and cell culture

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association ◽

10.1331/japha.2013.13532 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 545-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marissa M. Brokhof ◽

Stephan L. Foster ◽

Mary S. Hayney

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Influenza Vaccines

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Introduction

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.43 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip Kleespies

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Crisis Intervention ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Emergency Intervention ◽

Interpersonal Victimization ◽

Behavioral Emergencies ◽

Psychological Risks

This book is about behavioral emergencies and the association between interpersonal victimization and subsequent suicidality and/or risk for violence toward others. Section I focuses on the differences between behavioral crises and behavioral emergencies and presents an integrative approach to crisis intervention and emergency intervention. Section II discusses the evaluation of suicide risk, risk of violence, and risk of interpersonal victimization in children and adolescents. Sections III and IV explore behavioral emergencies with adults and the elderly, while Section V deals with certain conditions or behaviors that may either need to be differentiated from a behavioral emergency, or understood as relevant to possibly heightening risk. Section VI describes treatments for patients with recurrent or ongoing risks, and Section VII is devoted to legal, ethical, and psychological risks faced by clinicians who work with patients who might be at risk to themselves or others.

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Norwegian children and adolescents in blended families are at risk of larger one‐year BMI increments

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.15019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 587-594

Author(s):

Hege Kristiansen ◽

Mathieu Roelants ◽

Robert Bjerknes ◽

Petur B. Juliusson

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Blended Families ◽

One Year

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Relative Effectiveness of the Cell-Cultured Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Compared to Standard, Egg-derived Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-like Illness in 2017–2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. e665-e671 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Constantina Boikos ◽

Gregg C Sylvester ◽

John S Sampalis ◽

James A Mansi

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Health Status ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Season ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Influenza Like Illness ◽

Adaptive Mutations

Abstract Background Influenza antigens may undergo adaptive mutations during egg-based vaccine production. In the 2017–2018 influenza season, quadrivalent, inactivated cell-derived influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) vaccine was produced using A(H3N2) seed virus propagated exclusively in cell culture, thus lacking egg adaptive changes. This United States study estimated relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of ccIIV4 vs egg-derived quadrivalent vaccines (egg-derived IIV4) for that season. Methods Vaccination, outcome, and covariate data were ascertained retrospectively from a electronic medical record (EMR) dataset and analyzed. The study cohort included patients ≥ 4 years of age. rVE was estimated against influenza-like illness (ILI) using diagnostic International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision codes. The adjusted odds ratios used to derive rVE estimates were estimated from multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and health status. Results Overall, 92 187 individuals had a primary care EMR record of ccIIV4 and 1 261 675 had a record of egg-derived IIV4. In the ccIIV4 group, 1705 narrowly defined ILI events occurred, and 25 645 occurred in the standard egg-derived IIV4 group. Crude rVE was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6%–13.6%). When adjusted for age, sex, health status, comorbidities, and geographic region, the estimated rVE changed to 36.2% (95% CI, 26.1%–44.9%). Conclusions ccIIV4, derived from A(H3N2) seed virus propagated exclusively in cell culture, was more effective than egg-derived IIV4 in preventing ILI during the 2017–2018 influenza season. This result suggests that cell-derived influenza vaccines may have greater effectiveness than standard egg-derived vaccines.

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