Prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and its risk factors in under five children in urban and rural areas of Matta, district Swat

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-five Children in a Transmigratory Urban Area at Bandung, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/38.3.127 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 127-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. B. Kartasasmita ◽

O. Rosmayudi ◽

E. S. Soeria Soemantri ◽

W. Deville ◽

M. Demedts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Area ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

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Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-685180/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yassin Nshimiyimana ◽

Yingchun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Young Children ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, 7.4 million young children are being killed from infectious and treatable diseases, and Saharan Africa accounts for 90% of deaths. In Uganda, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality among under-five children. The study aims to identify and analyze contributing potential risk factors of childhood ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda.Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data for 13,493 sampled under-five children retrieved from a recent 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. We compared two supervised tree-like structure machine learning algorithms and two logistic regression methods in terms of classification performances in predicting ARIs disease outcomes and analysing various child and parental socio-demographic, behavioural, and environmental characteristics.Results: The study results revealed that the ARIs prevalence among under-five children accounted 40.3% cases. The Logistic regression findings showed that the risk of developing childhood ARIs disease declined with increase in child's age where the risk of having ARIs was higher in children in one year of birth (AOR=1.27; p < 0:001) and lower in children aged four years old (AOR=0.69; p < 0:001) compared to the infants. Other factors such as the age of mother where children born from teen mothers (15-19 years) were high likely (AOR=1.28; p < 0:001) to have ARIs illness compared to those whose mothers were in the middle age groups, and children whose mothers breastfed showed a lower risk of ARIs disease (AOR=0.83; p < 0:001) compared to those who not breastfed. In the dry season, children were more likely to develop ARIs disease (AOR=1.34; p < 0:001) compared to the wet season, and factors such as the region of residences like central region, mother employment, and domestic cooking energy like wood were also potential risk factors of ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda. In addition, three methods such as Decision Tree (Accuracy = 61.2%; AUC=0.610), Elastic Net Logistic Regression (Accuracy=61.7%; AUC=0.627), and Binary Logistic Regression (Accuracy=62.1%; AUC=0.638) showed approximately similar performances in predicting and classifying ARIs disease outcomes. However, the Random Forest (Accuracy=88.7%; AUC=0.951) showed superior difference in performance comparatively.Conclusion: Government and healthcare stakeholders need to make effective programs to improve public health policy against childhood infectious diseases by targeting the proper provision of maternal and child health-related education to household heads and mothers to adopt and prioritize breastfeeding practices, childcare, and ensure proper dwelling places for families and young children particularly in crowded regions and geographic places where ARIs prevalence is high.

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Risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children admitted to Arthur’s Children Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wisdom Banda ◽

◽

Mazyanga L Mazaba ◽

David Mulenga ◽

Seter Siziya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Under Five Children

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Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan

Environmental Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/01.ee9.0000609548.64512.7f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 323-324

Author(s):

Rana J ◽

Uddin J ◽

Peltier R ◽

Oulhote Y

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

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Diarrhea Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2018/6031594 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Atalay Getachew ◽

Tadesse Guadu ◽

Alebachew Tadie ◽

Zemichael Gizaw ◽

Mulat Gebrehiwot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Diarrhea Prevalence ◽

One Year ◽

North Gondar Zone

Background. Diarrheal disease remains one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by settings and have important implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess diarrhea prevalence and sociodemographic factors among under-five children in rural areas of North Gondar Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among 736 randomly selected households with one child under five years old. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics and diarrheal occurrence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between risk factors and diarrheal occurrence, and a p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 736 under-five children and their respondents were enrolled during the study period. Almost all respondents were biological mothers 96.4% (709/736), married 94.2% (693/736), and house wives 86% (632/736). The overall prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children was 22.1% (163/743). Of these, children with age group of less than one year old, 7.7 % (57/736), were commonly infected with diarrheal diseases. Children less than or equal to one year [AOR=1.82, 95% CI= (1.39, 4.63)], guardians [AOR=4.37, 95% CI= (1.73, 11.1)], and children with no breast feeding practice [AOR=3.13, 95% CI= (1.62, 6.03)] were the major risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Conclusion. Childhood diarrhea remains an important health concern in the study area. Occurrence of diarrhea was statistically associated with child age less than or equal to one year, educational status of mother/guardians, and breast feeding. To minimize the magnitude childhood diarrhea, various designing and implementing strategies, such as health education, child care, breast feeding, and weaning practice, integrated with the existing national health extension are quite essential.

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