Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus in pediatric patients across six consecutive seasons in Beijing, China

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (RTIs). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of M. pneumoniae isolates across multiple centers in Beijing, China. P1 protein was detected by Nested PCR to analyze the occurrence of M. pneumoniae in pediatric patients with RTI. M. pneumoniae isolates were cultured and analyzed by Nested-PCR to determine their genotypes. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. Out of 822 children with RTI admitted to 11 hospitals in Beijing, 341 (41.48%) were positive for M. pneumoniae by Nested PCR and 236 (69.21%) samples had mutations in 23S rRNA domain V. The highest proportion of M. pneumoniae positive samples was observed in school-age children (118/190; 62.11%) and in pediatric patients with pneumonia (220/389; 56.56%). Out of 341 M. pneumoniae positive samples, 99 (12.04%) isolates were successfully cultured and the MIC values were determined for 65 M. pneumoniae strains. Out of these, 57 (87.69%) strains were resistant to macrolides, and all 65 strains were sensitive to tetracyclines or quinolones. M. pneumoniae P1 type I and P1 type II strains were found in 57/65 (87.69%) and 8/65 (12.31%) of cultured isolates, respectively. Overall, we demonstrated a high prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection and high macrolide resistance of M. pneumoniae strains in Beijing. School-age children were more susceptible to M. pneumoniae, particularly the children with pneumonia. Thus, establishment of a systematic surveillance program to fully understand the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae is critical for the standardized use of antibiotics in China.

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Genetic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from pediatric patients with acute otitis media after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japan

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.jiac.2019.03.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 720-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kimiko Ubukata ◽

Miyuki Morozumi ◽

Megumi Sakuma ◽

Yoko Adachi ◽

Eriko Mokuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Genetic Characteristics

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Human metapneumovirus and pediatric patients: A mini review

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3233/jpi-2009-0194 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 351-356

Author(s):

Vassiliki Kyriazopoulou-Dalaina ◽

Georgia Gioula

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Human Metapneumovirus

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Prevalence of human metapneumovirus in adults with acute respiratory tract infection in Beijing, China

Journal of Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jinf.2011.10.011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 96-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jianguo Li ◽

Zhong Wang ◽

Richard Gonzalez ◽

Yan Xiao ◽

Hongli Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

Beijing China

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Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of human metapneumovirus in paediatric patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, China

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01508-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Tianli Wei ◽

Fenlian Ma ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Jianqiang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

N Gene ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Hmpv Infection ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Beijing China

Abstract Background Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) causes high amounts of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major pathogen of ARTIs in children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HMPV in children hospitalized with ARTIs in Beijing, China. Methods Hospitalized children aged < 14 years with ARTIs were enrolled from April 2017 to March 2018; nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for HMPV. HMPV-positive samples were genotyped based on a partial N gene. Whole genome sequences were determined for samples with high viral loads. Results 4.08% (52/1276) enrolled paediatric patients were identified as having HMPV infection. The epidemic season is winter and early spring, children aged ≤ 4 years were more susceptible to HMPV infection (47/52, 90.38%). The co-infection rate were 36.54% (19/52), the most common co-infected virus were influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. The main diagnoses of HMPV infection were pneumonia (29/52, 55.77%) and bronchitis (23/52, 44.23%), while the main clinical manifestations were cough, fever, rhinorrhoea, and sneeze. Among 48 HMPV-positive specimens, A2b (19/48, 39.58%) and B1 (26/48, 54.17%) were the main epidemic subtypes. Patients with HMPV genotype A infection had a higher viral load compared to genotype B patients (6.07 vs. 5.37 log10 RNA copies/ml). Five complete sequences of HMPV were obtained. This is the first report of a whole genome sequence of HMPV-B1 isolated in China. Conclusions HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in paediatric patients. Cases of HMPV infection could burden hospitals in the epidemic season. HMPV viral loads and genotypes have no correlation with co-infection or clinical characteristics.

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