The impact of maxillofacial trauma scoring systems in predicting maxillofacial injury severity in developing countries

Aim: Quantitative evaluation of prognostic correspondence between initial maxillofacial traumatic injury assessed by facial injury severity score and maxillofacial injury severity score, treatment cost and duration of hospitalization among Ukrainian patients. Methods: Design of present study was retrospective and based on the medical data of patients hospitalized with signs of maxillofacial trauma. Quantitative assessment of maxillofacial trauma was held with the use of facial injury severity score (FISS) and maxillofacial injury severity score (MFISS). Average treatment cost and hospitalization duration were used as coordinative criteria for economical treatmentrelated burden verification. Results: Levels of correlation between FISS, treatment charges and hospitalization duration were r=0.69 (р<0.05) and r=0.67 (р<0.05) respectively, while analogical correlations for MFISS were 0.74 (р<0.05) and 0.69 respectively (р<0.05). Statistical correspondence between FISS and MFISS scores among study sample reached r=0.71 (р<0.05). Cases with milder maxillofacial trauma types, characterized with initial lower levels of FISS and MFISS scores, demonstrated greater degree of FISS-to-MFISS inter-relation compare to cases with severe maxillofacial trauma. Conclusion: Even though FISS and MFISS scores both demonstrated reliable levels of correlation with hospitalization duration and cost of dental rehabilitation after maxillofacial trauma injury, but MFISS approach characterized by prognostically greater level of statistical relationship with economically related treatment derivates. Moreover, differentiation capabilities of MFISS is relative greater than FISS, since independent grading of separate functional disabilities becomes possible.

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Orthopedic injuries due to parachute jumping in soldiers and the effect of trauma scoring systems in determining injury level: A prospective observational study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17834/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Taner Sahin ◽

Sabri Batin

Keyword(s):

Injury Severity ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Military Training ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Trauma Scoring ◽

Orthopedic Injuries

Abstract Background During parachute jumping in soldiers, minör or life-threatining majör injuries may be occur in various parts of the body. Various trauma scoring systems have been developed to determine the severity of these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine orthopedic injuries and other injuries due to parachute jumping for military training who admitted to ED and the severity of their injuries using by anatomical and physiological trauma scores (AIS and ISS), to examine applied treatment methods, their hospitalization conditions and the length of hospital stay prospectively over a 44-month period between January 2016 and August 2019. Methods 200 military personnel were included in the study, between the ages of 18-52, who were injured as a result of daytime static parachute jumping for military training. Demographic data such as age, gender, ISS trauma region classification, anatomical injury sites, AIS and ISS scores, diagnosis, treatment methods applied, hospitalization status and duration of hospitalization were examined prospectively in a total of 185 patients. Results Among 184 individuals included in the study, 184 were male and 1 was female. The most common injured body site were 33.5% foot. and the most common diagnosis was 64.3% soft tissue trauma. Considering the treatment methods applied, 51.4% was determined as medication cold application, 42.7% as splint plaster, and 5.9% as surgery. The mean ISS of the patients was 5.16 ± 3.92. The hospitalization rate of patients with a critical AIS score was significantly higher than those with a severe AIS score (p <0.001). Conclusions The use of trauma scoring systems in determining the severity of injury to patients who come to ED due to parachute injury may facilitate treatment selection. Key words: Parachuting injuries, Abbreviated Injury Scale ve Injury Severity Score

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A Comparative Study Between Two Combat Injury Severity Scores

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab067 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael García Cañas ◽

Ricardo Navarro Suay ◽

Carlos Rodríguez Moro ◽

Diana M Crego Vita ◽

Javier Arias Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injury Severity Score ◽

Severity Score ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Combat Injury ◽

New Injury Severity Score ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Trauma Scoring ◽

Combat Casualties ◽

The Military

ABSTRACT Introduction In recent years, specific trauma scoring systems have been developed for military casualties. The objective of this study was to examine the discrepancies in severity scores of combat casualties between the Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005-Military (mAIS) and the Military Combat Injury Scale (MCIS) and a review of the current literature on the application of trauma scoring systems in the military setting. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted between May 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014. The study population consisted of all combat casualties attended in the Spanish Role 2 deployed in Herat (Afghanistan). We used the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) as reference score. Severity of each injury was calculated according to mAIS and MCIS, respectively. The severity of each casualty was calculated according to the NISS based on the mAIS (Military New Injury Severity Score—mNISS) and MCIS (Military Combat Injury Scale-New Injury Severity Score—MCIS-NISS). Casualty severity were grouped by severity levels (mild—scores: 1-8, moderate—scores: 9-15, severe—scores: 16-24, and critical—scores: 25-75). Results Nine hundred and eleven casualties were analyzed. Most were male (96.37%) with a median age of 27 years. Afghan patients comprised 71.13%. Air medevac was the main casualty transportation method (80.13). Explosion (64.76%) and gunshot wound (34.68%) mechanisms predominated. Overall mortality was 3.51%. Median mNISS and MCIS-NISS were similar in nonsurvivors (36 [IQR, 25-49] vs. [IQR, 25-48], respectively) but different in survivors, 9 (IQR, 4-17) vs. 5 (IQR, 2-13), respectively (P < .0001). The mNISS and MCIS-NISS were discordant in 34.35% (n = 313). Among cases with discordant severity scores, the median difference between mNISS and MCIS-NISS was 9 (IQR, 4-16); range, 1 to 57. Conclusion Our study findings suggest that discrepancies in injury severity levels may be observed in one in three of the casualties when using mNISS and MCIS-NISS.

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Exploratory Study on Trauma Scoring Systems for SAVE Triage

Fire science and engineering ◽

10.7731/kifse.e0a1650a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 98-103

Author(s):

Tai-Hwan Uhm ◽

Jee Hee Kim ◽

Sang-Kyu Park ◽

Eun-Jwoo Kwag ◽

Mi-Sook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injury Severity ◽

Medical Center ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Data Bank ◽

The United States ◽

International Classification Of Disease ◽

Severity Classification ◽

Trauma Scoring ◽

Survival Risk

This study examined several trauma scoring systems that serve as the basis for applying the Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE) severity classification to propose a method that can be applied during triage. By using an exploratory method, data collected from different trauma scoring systems was qualitatively evaluated. First, it was confirmed that the survival risk ratio (SRR) of the International Classification of Disease-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) can be used for SAVE severity classification. Second, the Korean Trauma Data Bank (KTDB) of the Central Emergency Medical Center does not indicate the SRR of each injury according to the Korean standard classification of disease and cause of death (KCD). Third, the SRR of injuries, from data acquired from the United States can be used for classification of SAVE severity classification. Fourth, the addition of SRR from the KCD to the KTDB can be used for SAVE severity classification.

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Scoring acuity hours and costs of nursing for trauma care

American Journal of Critical Care ◽

10.4037/ajcc1993.2.6.436 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AE Bond ◽

FO Thomas ◽

RL Menlove ◽

P MacFarlane ◽

P Petersen

Keyword(s):

Resource Utilization ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Nursing Educators ◽

Revised Trauma Score ◽

Trauma Scoring ◽

Level I ◽

Trauma Score

OBJECTIVE: To determine nursing resource utilization (acuity hours and dollars) by trauma patients based on analysis of a nursing acuity system and five trauma scoring systems. METHODS: Retrospective review of 448 trauma patients who required transport by aircraft to a level I trauma center. Values from the institution's automated nursing acuity system were compared with the Glasgow Coma Scale score, trauma score, revised trauma score, CRAMS score and injury severity score to obtain acuity hours and financial cost of care for trauma patients. RESULTS: Consistently, analysis of scores computed by five scoring instruments confirmed that nursing resource utilization is greatest for patients who are severely injured but likely to recover. For example, patients with a trauma score of 1 required 49 (+/- 66) mean acuity hours of care; those with a trauma score of 8 needed 189 (+/- 229) mean acuity hours; and those with a trauma score of 16 used 73 (+/- 120) mean acuity hours. Mean dollar costs were $980 (+/- 1293), $3812 (+/- 4518) and $1492 (+/- 2473), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing resource utilization can be determined for trauma patients by using an automated nursing acuity system and trauma scoring systems. Data acquired in this way provide a concrete basis for healthcare and reimbursement reform, for administrators who design nursing allocations and for nursing educators who prepare graduates to meet the needs of healthcare consumers.

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Maxillofacial trauma scoring systems in the assessment of oral and maxillofacial trauma

Dental Traumatology ◽

10.1111/edt.12725 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Vaibhav Sahni

Keyword(s):

Scoring Systems ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Trauma Scoring

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Maxillofacial trauma scoring systems

Injury ◽

10.1016/j.injury.2016.02.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1388-1392 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vaibhav Sahni

Keyword(s):

Scoring Systems ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Trauma Scoring

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Comorbidities in Trauma Injury Severity Scoring System: Refining Current Trauma Scoring System

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481908500130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Adel Elkbuli ◽

Reed Yaras ◽

Ahmad Elghoroury ◽

Dessy Boneva ◽

Shaikh Hai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Scoring System ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Data Registry ◽

Revised Trauma Score ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Trauma Scoring

The revised trauma score combined with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) remains the mostly commonly used system for predicting trauma mortality, but these scoring systems do not account for the patient's comorbidities. This study aims to evaluate the effect of comorbidities on ISS-related mortality and length of stay. A review of our trauma center's data registry from 2014 to 2016 was carried out. Patients were divided according to ISS into two groups: ISS ≤ 15 and ISS > 15. Each ISS group was then subdivided by number of comorbidities into two groups: 1 to 2 or ≥3 comorbidities. Demographic characteristics and outcome measures were compared. ANOVA, chi-squared, and t tests were used with significance defined as P < 0.05. A total 9845 adult trauma patients were admitted to our trauma center during the three-year study period. In the ISS ≤ 15 group, patients with <3 comorbidities had significantly higher mortality rate compared with patients with 1 to 2 comorbidities (1.50% vs 0.12%, P << 0.000007). Comparing the ISS ≤ 15 group with ≥3 comorbidities with the ISS > 15 group with 1 to 2 comorbidities, the mortality rate was significantly higher (23.40% vs 4.50%, P << 0.000002). The ICU length of stay was significantly higher in the ISS ≤ 15 groups (17 vs 10 days, P < 0.05) but similar in the ISS > 15 groups (31 vs 29 days) (P > 0.05). It was concluded that when controlling for injury severity, increased comorbidities are associated with a significantly higher mortality, indicating that they may serve as a marker of lower physiologic reserve and be an independent variable. Adding comorbidity parameters to the current trauma scoring systems can assist in predicting more accurate/reliable outcomes.

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Hospital-based injury data in Malawi: strategies for data collection and feasibility of trauma scoring tools

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1258/td.2009.090009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 98-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jonathan C Samuel ◽

Adesola Akinkuotu ◽

Paul Baloyi ◽

Andres Villaveces ◽

Anthony Charles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Data Collection ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Injury Surveillance ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Trauma Scoring ◽

The University ◽

Kamuzu Central Hospital ◽

Scoring Tools

Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Utilizing a partnership between Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) and the University of North Carolina Departments of Surgery, we describe an approach to injury surveillance, examine the utility of trauma scoring systems, and outline steps necessary before such scoring systems can be reliably instituted in a resource-constrained setting.

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