Local controlled drug delivery to the brain: Mathematical modeling of the underlying mass transport mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Siepmann ◽  
F. Siepmann ◽  
A.T. Florence
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Mass Transport Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Role of Mathematical Modeling in Controlled Drug Delivery

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moharram A. Khan ◽  
Shafeeq. T
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mass Transport Mechanisms

Controlled drug delivery occurs when a polymer or lipid (natural or synthetic) is judiciously combined with a drug or other active agent in such a way that the active agent is released from the material in a pre-designed manner. The aim of controlling the drug delivery is to achieve more effective therapies while eliminating potential for both under- and overdosing. Controlled delivery systems includes the maintenance of drug levels within a desired range, the need for fewer administrations, optimal use of the drug in question, and increased patient compliance. Mathematical modeling of controlled drug delivery can help to provide a scientific knowledge base concerning the mass transport mechanisms that are involved in the control of drug release. Mathematically, it is identified for designing a particular pharmaceutical system and it can be used to simulate the effect of the device design parameters (viz., geometry and composition) on the resulting drug release kinetics. The objective of this review outlines the application of mathematical modeling to the controlled drug delivery mechanisms, focusing particular attention on drug transport in human breast cancer, treated with the drug Doxorubicin. Keywords: Controlled drug delivery; Diffusion; Doxorubicin; Mathematical Modeling; Release Kinetics.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2581              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 539-550 (2009) 

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on the Crystallization and Coarsening of Nano-CeO2 Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Lopez ◽  
H. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Measured Activation Energy ◽  
Measured Activation ◽  
Mass Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Nanoparticle Sizes

The effect of temperature on nano-CeO2 particle coarsening is investigated. The nanoceria powders were synthesized using the microemulsion method and then exposed to temperatures in the range of 373–1273 K. It was found that the nanoparticles exhibited a strong tendency to form agglomerates and through the application of ultrasound these agglomerates could be broken into smaller sizes. In addition average nanoparticle sizes were determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The outcome of this work indicates that the initial nano-CeO2 powders are amorphous in nature. Annealing promotes CeO2 crystallization and a slight shift in the (111) XRD intensity peaks corresponding to CeO2. Moreover, at temperatures below 773 K, grain growth in nano-CeO2 particles is rather slow. Apparently, mass transport through diffusional processes is not likely to occur as indicated by an estimated activation energy of 20 kJ/mol. At temperatures above 873 K, the measured activation energy shifted to 105 kJ/mol suggesting a possible transition to Ostwald-Ripening type mass transport mechanisms.

scholarly journals Special delEVery: Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Delivery Platform to the Brain

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Marie J. Pauwels ◽  
Charysse Vandendriessche ◽  
Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cns Targeting

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies is severely hampered by the presence of tightly regulated CNS barriers that restrict drug delivery to the brain. An increasing amount of data suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane derived vesicles that inherently protect and transfer biological cargoes between cells, naturally cross the CNS barriers. Moreover, EVs can be engineered with targeting ligands to obtain enriched tissue targeting and delivery capacities. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the literature describing a natural and engineered CNS targeting and therapeutic efficiency of different cell type derived EVs. Hereby, we specifically focus on peripheral administration routes in a broad range of CNS diseases. Furthermore, we underline the potential of research aimed at elucidating the vesicular transport mechanisms across the different CNS barriers. Finally, we elaborate on the practical considerations towards the application of EVs as a brain drug delivery system.

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